The Commoditisation of Water

Blue Gold – The Commoditisation of Water
By Manny Sinder
Copyright Sinder Ltd 2017
ISBN
978-1-78808-044-6

“All video and photographs you have ever seen from NASA, Hubble and other official sources are all CGI, computer generated images”.
Eric Dubay
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Contents
Contents 2 Dedication 3 Acknowledgments 4 Chapter 1; Introduction 5 Chapter 2; The NASA Report 8 Chapter 3; The Water Consumption v Rain Fall Investigation 15 Chapter 4; Who is stealing India’s water? 24 Chapter 5; Using dams and reservoirs as weapons of war 35 Chapter 6; The Flood Plains Of Punjab. 54 Chapter 7; Water Shortages 62 Chapter 8; The contamination of Punjab’s water 71 Chapter 9; Maximising profit by suppressing supply 80 Chapter 10; The slow death of rural communities 85 Chapter 11; The British Empire legacy 96 Chapter 12: Back to the colonial water rates 110
Chapter 13; Putting it all together Chapter 14; Final Word
113 117
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Dedicated to my beautiful and darling daughter Aarya Sinder who taught me much more in her 8 months than I ever could have imagined.
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I would like to thank all the great souls who have inspired me and many others over the years.
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Chapter 1; Introduction
This book is an investigation into an apparent reduction of ground water levels around the world. Though the investigation centres in on a specific region in India, the analysis and cross referencing which takes place in this entire investigation is extensive enough to show readers how the same or similar rhetoric is being used by other national authorities around the world to make claims of an increasingly limited supply of water. The purpose of this book and the investigation detailed within it is not to discredit any group or individual but an attempt to document the important factors (some of which are otherwise hidden) affecting a growing problem and how these factors influence the opinions of those who are appointed to manage the problem.
Though this investigation initially started off as an article in an attempt to verify the claims made by NASA in their report, it certainly did not end that way as it turned into something much bigger and more alarming once all the jig saw pieces had started to fall into place. I certainly did not comprehend how important my existing understanding of geopolitics and my pre-existing research into global-political synchronicity between different nations would come into play when starting this investigation; however I am thankful of my previous work.
I have tried to simplify as much as possible the technical analysis involved in this investigation and particularly in the third chapter where certain mathematical calculations were required to consider certain factors. I am aware that the mathematical formulas used in the investigation may be more suitable in reaching approximate figures so in order to offset this I have allowed many benefits in the calculations to favour the opposing party in order to give them the benefit of any doubt. However, having said that, the importance of reaching an exact and precise figure in the calculations for this investigation was not of the greatest importance to this investigation as the results of such calculations are used as points of discussion and consideration rather than the ultimate basis of the whole investigation. Having read and researched how some the official data is collected, I can tell you that those charged with the responsibility of collecting such data are themselves are not able to conduct a fully accurate field test because of many variables affecting their research. These conflicting variables in their data collection are evident in the contradictive presentation of their data and information and these contradictions are clear to see when such data is compared from the different official bodies operating in the same
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region. Where it has been possible, the statistical information used in my calculations have been collected from the most trusted source or sources and when different figures are used from different sources a medium has been calculated.
This two part investigation as recorded in the following chapters is partly an investigation into the claims made by NASA and partly an investigation is those important occurrences which NASA omitted from their report but nonetheless such factors have had epic consequences on people living in not just the one part of India but also other populations in other parts of the world who are experiencing similar problems. In short, without the important analysis recorded in this book, NASA’s report is a God send for the Indian Government who seems to be on the verge of creating unjust regulations and helping private profiteering water bottling companies to profit from water being turned from a free mineral enriched vital source of life to a contaminated scarcity.
The investigation conducted and recorded within begins with the measuring of rainfall and the potential water consumption of the most populous crop in India. It next analyses specific data of ground water levels and other key data released by official bodies. By going beyond the limited scope of the NASA report, this investigation looks into the political control of water by the Indian Government and the history of India to determine historical trends and changes to the natural environment. Going further still, the investigation looks into similar disturbing situations around the world which uphold and support the analysis contained within.
I have sourced every single angle of discussion contained within as I wanted the reader to be able to easily locate the considered source and decide for themselves how accurate the information is. It is important for me as a writer to be able to prove to anyone that I have not just plucked ideas and concepts from the air and that I have indeed spent day after day reading and cross referencing information and revisiting previously settled upon conclusions. Being a financial markets trader, majority of my day to day research is news and articles based which I then use to check and verify the claims made by the respective writer. The secret to this type of research is the verification and not to assume anything and when I say anything, I mean absolutely anything because people assume when they think with their emotions or with their prejudices and the one thing good traders and investors excel at is thinking with facts and the underlying reasons and never with their emotions – after all, our money is on the line and it’s easier to be open to anything in attempt
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to be right than to lose your money by ignoring important information. To ignore is to be ignorant.
Before you turn the page and begin reading the first chapter I would like to ask the reader to approach the information within with an open mind. I ask this not because there is information in the following pages which is unbelievable or because any of the information is unverifiable, I ask because not only does this investigation contain some eye brow raising elements but also because the investigation and its recording has been written down in the same path as which it was discovered. Informational discoveries made in this investigation have provided me with a strong degree of enlightenment and as a consequence of my journey I am hoping that you the reader are able to experience the same experience.
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Chapter 2; The NASA Report
The report entitled ‘NASA Satellites Unlock Secret to Northern India’s Vanishing Water’1 was published on NASA’s website in December 2009. The report highlighted the continuously reducing water levels beneath ground level in Northern India. The report stated;
‘It is being pumped and consumed by human activities — principally to irrigate cropland — faster than the aquifers can be replenished by natural processes’
The report quotes NASA Hydrologist Matt Rodell, who is based at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Centre in Greenbelt as saying;
“If measures are not taken to ensure sustainable groundwater usage, consequences for the 114 million residents of the region may include a collapse of agricultural output and severe shortages of potable water”
The report goes on further to state that;
‘The northern Indian states of Rajasthan, Punjab and Haryana have all of the ingredients for groundwater depletion: staggering population growth, rapid economic development and water-hungry farms, which account for about 95 percent of groundwater use in the region’
The report also states the researchers have found that groundwater levels have been declining by an average of one meter every three years but then the report states
‘The loss is particularly alarming because it occurred when there were no unusual trends in rainfall. In fact, rainfall was slightly above normal for the period’.
The report goes on to say;
‘The researchers examined data and models of soil moisture, lake and reservoir storage, vegetation and
1 http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/india_water.html 8

glaciers in the nearby Himalayas, in order to confirm that the apparent groundwater trend was real. Nothing unusual showed up in the natural environment’.
Points to investigate from the NASA report.
 How much rainfall is there in the subject region
 To what extent is agriculture to blame for any vanishing
water levels
 Are groundwater levels declining by an average of one
meter every three years
 Are there any abnormalities showing up in the natural
environment.
 Is water being used faster than the aquifers can be
replenished by natural processes
 Is there severe shortages of potable water and why
 How have aquifers been replenished in the past
 Is there a staggering population growth and why
 What other factors have not been considered by the NASA
report
The NASA report brings together three states (Punjab, Rajasthan, Haryana) as the regions which contribute to the loss of water. For the purpose of this investigation, we shall only investigate the State of Punjab and omit Rajasthan and Haryana as doing so we are giving more weight to the NASA report. This is achieved because large parts of Rajasthan is a desert with much less human activity than Punjab and much of Haryana is lower grade agricultural land with less output when compared to Punjab. And since Punjab mostly consists of agricultural farmland and therefore requiring more water than the other two states, then by assuming Punjab to be the average water consumer for the three states it is allowing this investigation the freedom and benefit of many factors. In other words, because of the limitations of this investigation, any calculations will be approximates though most likely maximums and many figures shall be derived from verifiable secondary sources.
Initial Review of the Report
The report states the fall in water levels are partly due to the increase in population in northern India. The contradiction here is that any expansion of any urban area is normally complimented by an equal reduction of a connected suburban area because a town or city cannot expand without suitable undeveloped land and that land
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comes from the suburbs and mainly agricultural land. This is especially true in Northern India and since this and other reports state that water consumption by agriculture is far higher than domestic use when comparing the overall water consumption in this and other regions, then any reduction in suburban / agricultural land and an increase in urban areas should be benefitting the water reserves which the NASA report is stating as being depleted increasingly. In other words, if agriculture is the largest consumer of water in northern India then the decreasing amount of agriculture land should be helping to slow any rate of ground water depletion. Those readers looking to read more about urbanisation I recommend the website Conserve Energy Future2 and the Cost of Sprawl document created by Sustainable Prosperity3.
The Media
As worrying as these claims of the water depletion are, the Indian mainstream media have surpassed the boundaries of bad reporting by relaying a constant barrage of recycled finger pointing to the Indian population. Having read a number of such newspaper reports, I am very worried and troubled as to why Indian newspapers are clearly and obviously pushing an agenda against the unaware masses by blaming generational farmers (who mostly farm small areas ancestral land) for the depletion of water levels and then further favouring strong governmental regulation against the farmers in order to limit them using water to grow their crops. One example of these biased articles is the article entitled ‘Punjab facing a veritable water crisis’4 by the Tribune in which it states;
“Obviously, there is an urgency to take effective measures to regulate usage of water…”
This and other similar articles provide no source of such claims so therefore we can only assume it is a complete fabrication and like their western counterparts acting like a spoke voice of either the Government or benefiting corporations(s). Such newspaper articles circulating India are not just vaguely blaming farmers from Punjab for the depletion of water when they water their crops (missing the fact
2 http://www.conserve-energy-future.com/causes-and-effects-of- urban-sprawl.php
3 http://thecostofsprawl.com/report/executive-summary.pdf
4 http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/comment/punjab-facing-a- veritable-water-crisis/124027.html
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that much of the water extracted to water crops from the underground reserves will again find its way back down to its original location/source minus the evaporation in summer months) but are also specifically blaming crops such as wheat for absorbing too much water and therefore are holding the whole regional industry as responsible for the depletion of water. They avoid mentioning the facts that these crops in Punjab and India are British colonial crops are therefore new to the region and that there has been an dangerous increase of Genetically Modified crops and chemicals being used to grow many crop which are all being implemented and supported by the Indian Government.
A brief History of NASA
This is not the only time NASA has projected such predictions with very little evidence and consideration for certain important factors. In fact, when a researcher like me sits down to research NASA, its history and searches evidence to prove or disprove its claims then that researcher discovers some very eye brow raising revelations about this organisation which unfortunately are not in NASA’s favour.
I am certainly not the first person to have ever seen or found fault in the information NASA has presented. In the article ‘A Schoolboy In The UK Pointed Out An Error To NASA On The ISS’ by IFL Science5, it was reported how a 13 year old boy identified a problem with a sensor on the International Space Station as part of a science project. There have also been other instances when it has been revealed that NASA had been embarrassed for their inaccurate information including in the report by LA Times which revealed how the Mars probe hit problems due to a simple arithmetic error6 and another report by Priceonomics about how a simple typo ended up destroying a NASA rocket7. The point in my bringing this up is that complacency in thinking that organisations such as NASA (a US Government sponsored organisation) cannot or do not make mistakes (purposely or not) is one of the most profound and ignorantly lazy assumptions most people are currently making about many things today. We all need to be our own investigative reporters because relying on anyone including the mainstream media and
5 http://www.iflscience.com/space/a-schoolboy-in-the-uk-pointed- out-an-error-to-nasa-on-the-iss/
6 http://articles.latimes.com/1999/oct/01/news/mn-17288
7 https://priceonomics.com/the-typo-that-destroyed-a-space- shuttle/
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scientific organisations for factual, unbiased and honest presentations is leading many of us down a deep rabbit hole because those appointed to make decisions on our behalf, such as politicians, are not succeeding in unveiling such inconsistencies.
How many of you have heard of Operation Paperclip? This was a secret US military operation to bring NAZI scientists after the end of World War II to the United States to establish and/or strengthen projects such as the CIA, the industrial military complex and space exploration. Is it by coincidence that NASA sounds like NAZI? It is also worth noting that like the US, Russia (then USSR) also invited Nazi Scientists after World War II to work on their military and space programme and the similarities between the logos of NASA and ROSCOSMOS (Roscosmos State Corporation for Space Activities) is very much evident.
This comparison of such surface evidence is partly opinion based and if indeed these organisations are (behind closed doors) colluding then that collusion has been most likely in operation before World War II. The investigation of this collusion is not the subject of this investigation but those readers who are interested in this can easily research this topic independently. It is however important for the reader to note that there is in circulation a large amount of evidence within the truth movement about how all NASA astronauts are in fact Freemasons. Websites such as Aplanetruth.info have provided photographic evidence of the Masonic influence over NASA astronauts and readers of this investigation are encouraged to conduct their own research to substantiate these findings. This investigation does not attempt to verify such claims but I do find it important enough to mention these factors because associations with any group (personal or not) have great influences on the thought process of any person (especially when money is involved) and this
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has been especially true historically with public figures and could well be true with NASA.
The word ‘nasa’ as a whole and not as an abbreviation is first deemed to be spotted in the original text of the Bible. As many will know, the original unedited text for the Bible was written in Ancient Hebrew and in the story of Adam and Eve. The word nasa is used for the word deceive in the story and some researchers such as Rob Skiba 8have recently shared their findings and others have further concluded that the reptilian tongue in the logo of NASA is not a coincidence and is in fact a purposeful neurolinguistic and occult masonic attempt to portray the deceptive nature and negatives objectives of NASA just like how the serpent or reptilian creature in the Adam and Eve story deceived the Adamic Race.
Other considerations for NASA
I am sure some of you reading this investigation will at this point assume that if any errors are revealed in this investigation about the NASA report then it is most likely be due to an innocent mistake rather than any malice by any person or persons. This may be the case, and I certainly hope so, after all, we all make mistakes. However, I would like readers of this investigation to bear in mind important articles such as ‘How World Leaders Were Duped Into Investing Billions Over Manipulated Global Warming Data’ by the Daily Mail9 which highlighted how the official investigational report falsified information and data to defraud scientists and world leaders into believing climate change is an impending danger. The same fraudulent incident which originally was regarded as being scientifically based was reported by Natural News via their article entitled ‘The Real Fake News exposed: ‘97% of scientists agree on climate change is an engineered hoax… here’s what the media never told you’’10 as being a massive fabrication to defraud the world into making laws, regulations and pacts to push political agendas. So when we bring together a history and pattern of so-called specialist organisations which bare authority on leading opinions, laws and customs and their work then turns out to be partly or wholly based on fairy dust then we must try and examine what motive is behind their
8 http://robschannel.com/nasa-in-hebrew
9 http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-4192182/World-
leaders-duped-manipulated-global-warming-data.html
10
http://www.naturalnews.com/056116_fake_news_climate_change_sc ience_hoax.html
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actions and why are those appointed to catch such inconsistencies are not doing their job. It is the presentation of the above fact based articles along with many other situations which has led the current US President, Donald Trump to question and recalculate the reliability of the climate change rhetoric and start to remove the US from climate agreements which are essentially holding his and many other countries from developing further and sustaining their independence.
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Chapter 3; The Water Consumption v Rain Fall Investigation
In order to measure water consumption against rain fall, I have collected relevant information to compare the annual rain fall in the State of Punjab with the water absorption rate for the most populous crop in Punjab. Once we have made this calculation we shall be able to verify if the water depletion levels can indeed be partly blamed to such agricultural crops. The purpose of this initial part of the investigation is to ascertain if the most popular crop absorbs more water than there is rainfall, if it is found be the case, then this would ‘partly’ support the NASA report.
Rain fall
As per the informational graphic found on the website Maps of India11, it is stated that the State of Punjab receives 40-60 cm of rain, 20-40 cm of rain and 60-80 cm of rain in three equal sized regions. The average (mean) is calculated as being 40-60 cm of rain (annual) from which we can determine as 50 cm of rain per year as being the middle. This figure represents 1.5 meters of rain fall every three years and thus it is important to remember that the NASA report states that the water levels were being depleted by 1 metre every 3 years. In other words, the surplus is +33.33% or 50cm of rain fall. In the CGWB.gov.in12 website controlled by the Ministry of Water Resources of the Government of India, information is provided that states the rainfall is 780mm/78cm.
In a document released by the disaster management arm of the Ministry of Home Affairs of India13 the following is said about the rainfall in Punjab.
“State receives about 648.8 mm.64.8cm of average annual rainfall. 75% of which is received during monsoon months from July to Sept. July and August are rainiest months. Rainfall in the state varies from 26 cm in extreme southwest parts to 72 cm in extreme southern parts and varies from 42 cm in southern parts to 13.5 cm over northern parts. Districts north of Gurdaspur constitute the area of maximum rainfall and districts southwest of Ferozepur receive
11 http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/india/annualrainfall.htm 12 http://cgwb.gov.in/gw_profiles/st_Punjab.htm
13 nidm.gov.in/PDF/DP/PUNJAB.PDF
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minimum amount of rainfall. These districts represent lowest and highest rainfall in the state.”
So we have three different figures from three sources for the rainfall in the State of Punjab; 50cm, 64.8cm and 78cm. For the purpose of this investigation we shall take the middle of the three and presume the rainfall is 64.8cm/648mm of annual rainfall.
Water consumption of the most populous crop
As per the information graphic which can be found in the article ‘Agriculture in India’14, it shows that Punjab’s main agricultural crop is wheat. Part of the State does also have land where other crops are grown but for the purpose of this study we shall regard wheat as being the key crop. The statistical information made available on the website Punjab Data15 further confirms this.
As per the information graphic available on Food and Agriculture of the United Nations website16, each harvest of wheat takes 100-140 days for Spring Wheat and 120-160 days for Winter Wheat to grow for harvest during suitable growing conditions.
In an agricultural website by University of Delaware17, the following is stated;
‘Wheat water use is minimal until jointing, when the plant has some height to it. At jointing, wheat will use between 0.2 and 0.25 inches of water per day. At boot and heading stages, wheat is using around a quarter of an inch a day, and during grain development through the milk stage, wheat will use about 3 tenths of an inch a day. Once wheat hits the dough stage, water use drops off considerably’
For the purpose of this investigation, though the overall actual figure is much smaller, we shall calculate the total water consumption of a
14
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_India#/media/File:Major_c rop_areas_India.png
15 http://www.punjabdata.com/Agriculture-In-Punjab.aspx
16 http://www.fao.org/nr/water/cropinfo_wheat.html or http://www.fao.org/docrep/s2022e/s2022e02.htm
17 https://agdev.anr.udel.edu/weeklycropupdate/?p=30 16

Wheat crop as 0.25 inches per day (0.635cm / 1 in = 2.54 cm) and when we multiply this number by the number of days each crop takes to grow and mature, we shall know how much water is absorbed by the wheat crop.
The formula used to calculate water absorption is as follows;
Average number of growth days is 300 days per year (maximum number of annual crops) and average water intake of water per day is 0.635cm per day.
0.635 x 300 days of growth = 190.5cm of water absorption per annum (This figure is the maximum absorption rate and is best regarded as being the ideal water consumption amount as there are many factors such as the amount of water seeping into the ground and not being absorbed by the wheat crop to consider otherwise).
This calculation when compared to the rainfall and NASA’s calculations can be presented as this;
100cm Water loss (NASA) absorption
Rain fall
+64.8cm +194.4cm
Water
-190.5cm -571.5cm
Per year
(maximum)
Per x3 years
(maximum)
-33.33cm -100cm
By using this simple calculation we have determined that in all things being equal, the wheat crop does indeed need far more water than rainfall can replenish. But are things equal?
In order for farmers in Punjab to water their crops by using the ground water reserves, they need to dig a well on the land and then use an electric motorised pump to bring the water up (also called tube wells) and direct it toward their crops via a network of channels carved from the soil in between the crops. The problem with this is that the farmers are dependent on the electricity being available for the electric motorised pump to operate. As a consequence of awful planning by the Indian government, the power supply is unreliable at
17
Fig 1

best and is only normally available to use once or twice a day and this is normally around 3am and again in late afternoon / early evening due to strict controls and limitations. Farmers are required to wake up at this time and switch their water pumps on and try to extract as much water as possible before the power is switched off again (usually an hour later). The point here is that though there are some opportunities during the day to water the crops, the power supply may not be available before the hot noon sun arrives and damages the un-watered crop. Also, since the water is limited due to the limited supply of electricity then it is highly unlikely the farmers are able to water their crops with the amount they would like and certainly in accordance to the calculation above. Also, the water absorption rate formula is based on figured used from an organisation based in Delaware, US and factors such as the difference in soil moisture and climate may make a significant difference. On the other hand, some farmers who can afford to do so have opted for diesel or petrol powered water pumps which provide some liberation from the draconian controls of the Indian Government but generally they are seen to eat away at the profits when they are used continuously.
Let us now look at an interpretation of information calculated so far.
Difference between water loss and rain fall:
Difference between rain fall and
water absorption:
Per annum(cm) +31.46
-125.7
Per x3 years(cm) +94.38
-377.1
As we can see from the above table, the water loss due to agriculture is much higher than what even NASA has calculated (by 25.6%).
If we are to draw a conclusion on the basis of the NASA report and assume that the result of farmers extracting water to water their crops and other Punjabis using what they require for their needs is between 33.33cm per year (according to NASA) and 125.7cm (maximum) according to our calculation above, then how has the water reserves not emptied already or at least not been seen to be doing so much earlier? Since farming in Punjab is not a new industry
18
Fig 2

and has been around for generations on this scale, we must try to make sense of where the water reserves come from and how they have been replenished over the years to keep up with the high demand.
How much water is there?
In the website Worldometers18 it states;
‘Worldwide, agriculture accounts for 70% of all water consumption, compared to 20% for industry and 10% for domestic use. In industrialised nations, however, industries consume more than half of the water available for human use. Belgium, for example, uses 80% of the water available for industry’.
In a statistical website operated by the Indian Government agency the Central Ground Water Board19 it states that the Net Annual Ground Water Availability in Punjab is 21.44 BCM (billion cubic meters) and annual water usage from that reserve is 31.16 BCM.
A following calculation formula will tell us how much rainwater can be harvested naturally.
Roof/Land area (in square metres) x Annual rainfall (in mm) x System efficiency (e.g. a ‘WISY’ filter is 90%) x Run-off coefficient of roof/Land (a pitched, tiled roof is 0.75, but a flat roof 0.5 or less)20
= Annual collection in litres (1000 litres = 1 cubic metre, or m3)
A following calculation will signify to us how much rainwater can be harvested naturally.
18 http://www.worldometers.info/water/
19 http://www.cgwb.gov.in/
20 http://info.cat.org.uk/questions/water-and-sewage/how-much- rain-water-could-i-collect/
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Area Punjab 50,362 km221 = 50362000000 square metres22 x
Annual rainfall 648 (in mm) x
90 (% efficiency) x
0.5 (based on a flat roof) =
= 1,468,555,920,000,000 quadrillion litres
Converted to cubic meters = 1,468,555,920,000 i.e. 1.46 Trillion Cubic Metres
1.46 trillion cubic meters of rainfall is significantly higher than the 21.44bcm projected figure of net ground water availability by the Indian Governments agency the Central Ground Water Board.
On the Indian Government and World Bank sponsored website Punevis23 it states that the depth ‘to the water’ in Punjab is mostly between 20-40 meters below ground level. It also provides the following data in regards to water fluctuation levels in Punjab;
Date Rise of levels of water (% of all wells)
Jan 2014-Jan 2013 +65% Jan 2014-Jan 2013 +74% January 2004- Jan 2013 +48%
Fall in levels
-30% -25%
-52%
No change
-/+5% -/+1% -/+0%
Fig 3 On the same website, it is stated that the access to the water level
from ground level24 is 10-20 meters below ground level. In another
21 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab,_India
22 http://www.asknumbers.com/square-kilometer-to-square-
meter.aspx 23
http://punenvis.nic.in/index2.aspx?slid=5815&sublinkid=996&langi
d=1&mid=1 24
http://punenvis.nic.in/index2.aspx?slid=5815&sublinkid=996&langi d=1&mid=1
20

part of the Punenvis website25, it provides us with the following important information in regards to the amount of ground water recharge and availability;
District
Total
Annual Gross Recharge
1819227
10% of Gross Recharge of (col. 3)
181931
Annual Net Recharge
1637296
Annual Net Draft
161019 5
Addition/ Over Subtraction Developed
to/from existing ground water balance
27101 73
Study Period 1995-97 Fig 4
Population density
The official Government of Punjab website26 provides the following statistics relevant to our investigation; Total area of Punjab is 50,362 km sq of which 48,265 km.sq is rural area (95%) and 2097 is urban area (5%). The population is split by 62.51% residing in rural areas and 37.49% in urban areas. It is important to note here that urban areas (towns and cities) are clearly overly populated and that the largest area which is considered to be urban is therefore likely to be used for agricultural purposes.
Let us calculate the density of the population using the following formula:
Number of people 27.7 million27 (17.3 million Rural) (10.4 million Urban)28
÷ The area they occupy (48,265 km.sq Rural) or (2097 km.sq Urban)
= Population density (km sq) 358.75 Rural / 4952.1 Urban
In comparison to the following countries29; the rural population density in the State of Punjab is well below average when compared to the following countries (numbers below include rural and urban)
25
http://punenvis.nic.in/index3.aspx?sslid=2483&subsublinkid=1732 &langid=1&mid=1
26 http://punjab.gov.in/state-profile
27 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Punjab,_India 28 http://punjab.gov.in/state-profile
Dark Grey
White
11 16 38
21

United Kingdom 242,910 China 9,640,821
France 543,965
United States 9,833,517
Summary
As we can see, the overall water count for the period 1995-1997 (Fig 4) is in the positive and as was the data in fig 3 which also confirmed that in the period 2013-2014 there was also a rise of water levels. If we are to rely on these two periods as examples of being representative of all periods and compare this to the water consumption rate versus the rain fall then we can safely assume that either the ground water levels are indeed rising despite the high water uses, which would then mean there are powerful sources of replenishment of the ground water which even the NASA report has ignored or there is more recently a newer source for consumption which has also not been discussed in the NASA report or both.
Either the NASA calculation about the reduction in water levels by 33.34cm per year / 1 metre every 3 years is exacerbated or any falling water levels is a very recent trend only and more research is required to find out the cause for the recent reduction. We also cannot rule out further hidden and undisclosed reasons for changes in water levels in this investigation and we must look into different possible causes which may not be initially clear and transparent.
I do know from recent visits to India that the farmers are genuinely having to dig deeper wells in order to gain easier access to the water and the diminishing water levels is something that is very real from my own ‘on the ground’ research. Two statistical graphics presented to us by the Punevis website to support the diminishing water reserves rhetoric is as follows; Categorisation of Blocks in Punjab based on Ground Water Development30 and Growth of Tube-wells in
29
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_and_territories_by
_population_density 30
http://punenvis.nic.in/index3.aspx?sslid=5642&subsublinkid=4286 &langid=1&mid=1
22

Punjab31. Conflictive information from different official bodies seem to be in abundance from many sources from within India however a full investigation cannot ignore any information upon which decision could or is being made. The first graphic shows 110 out of a total of 138 water blocks of ground water in Punjab are over exploited and 5 of which are critical. The second graphic shows the growth of tube- wells in Punjab (water extraction with the use of petrol or diesel pumps) since the 1980s. I am sceptical of the latter since I have been aware that electrical connections to farms which provide power to operate the tube-wells are difficult to come by yet the graphic shows no relevant effect of the stricter control by the relevant governmental body.
Blaming farmers (like NASA and the Indian media are doing) for activities which have been conducted for many generations cannot be the root cause of the drop in water reserves because like our calculations have suggested, the high consumption rate for irrigation purposes should have depleted the reserves already (in theory) if the source of replenishment was just rain. In other words, other natural processes must be in operation in adding and or have historically added to the ground water reserves and which are now being hampered. This investigation shall now move onto investigating what other causes there could be which are affecting water reserve levels and which may have been ignored by the NASA report.
Points to take away;
 Annual rain fall is 64.8 cm / 21.44 billion cubic metres
 Water absorption per annum for wheat is 190.5cm
 Net ground water availability is 21.44bcm
 Water levels rose in years from which samples were
taken
 Farmers are compensating for a genuine reduction in
water levels through their actions
 If the above figures are correct then either the water
reserves should have been depleted earlier or there are other factors involved
31
http://punenvis.nic.in/index3.aspx?sslid=5956&subsublinkid=5065 &langid=1&mid=1
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Chapter 4; Who Is Stealing India’s Water?
One possible explanation behind the reductions of water reserves in the State of Punjab’s (as well as other parts of India) may come from India’s neighbour Pakistan. Pakistan is located on the boarder of India, next to the State of Punjab and is also suffering from the exact same problem of water shortage. Like India, Pakistan’s Government has failed to provide many basic necessities for its citizens including clean drinking water. Furthermore, the dangers of unsafe drinking water has been growing substantially over the years in the country and has now become so dangerous that people are forced to buy bottled water in order to be sure that they do not become ill or worse.
This transition for Pakistani’s from being able to collect their own clean water from wells to being forced to buy bottled water is very well suited to multi-national corporations such as Nestle, who have conveniently set up a number of bottling plants in Pakistan. More troubling than this rather convenient set-up is what Peter Brabeck- Letmathe said when operating as the Nestle CEO;
“…access to water is not a public right.”
His comments sent shockwaves around the world and many websites such as ‘Global Reach’32 have written extensively of where the objectives of money making corporations which sell bottled water such as Nestle actually lie. An important documentary about the exploitation of Nestle’s water business in Pakistan, can be found on the World ‘Crunch website’33. The documentary features a village in which Nestle had built a water bottling plant and the villagers had complained that the water on which they had relied on had now sank 400 ft. and that the local community were unable to have access to safe drinking water as the only remnants from the water bottling process was ‘waste water’, which is completely unhealthy and a danger to human life.
There is another country which like Pakistan, has been failed by its Government when relied upon to protect what nature has given to
32 http://www.globalresearch.ca/the-privatisation-of-water-nestle- denies-that-water-is-a-fundamental-human-right/5332238
33 http://www.worldcrunch.com/poisoning-well-nestl-accused- exploiting-water-supplies-bottled-brands/business-finance/poisoning- the-well-nestl-accused-of-exploiting-water-supplies-for-bottled- brands/c2s4503/#.UXEDk7VTCtY
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them, and to all, totally free and also where Nestle and other water bottling companies operate with unmentionable freedom – Nigeria. In fact, Nigerians spend up to half of their income on drinking water but only those who can afford it.
The website ‘Bottled Life Film’34 states;
“…water is becoming an increasingly scarce commodity. The Swiss film “Bottled Life” documents the booming business of bottled water, by focusing on the global leader in this lucrative multi-billion dollar market – namely, the Nestlé Corporation in Switzerland. Nestlé currently controls more than 70 of the world’s bottled water brands, among them Perrier, San Pellegrino and Vittel”.
Nestle’s operations are not limited to just developing
In fact
countries. In the USA, Nestle and other large corporations are taking advantage of suitable legal conditions by buying land and pumping out very large quantities of water, bottling it and selling it back to the public.
During a visit to California in 2012, my wife and I felt unwell after drinking the tap water but luckily like many Californians, our relatives, with whom we were staying, resorted to buying bottled water in order to stay healthy and well. After further observation about other Californians, I came to realise during my visit that most people in the state had no choice but to buy bottled water because of the dangers and health implications of drinking tap water. Can you see a pattern emerging?
Water is a Commodity (And Corporations make money by selling it)
Could it be that the increasing water shortage worldwide has been partly created by large corporation’s hell bent on stealing water from local communities who rely on it to survive as well as grow their food for personal consumption or agriculture? Well it would seem like they are. In October 2014 Bloomberg in their report entitled ‘Farmers Fight Coca-Cola as India’s Groundwater Dries Up’35 stated that Indian farmers were seeing water levels disappearing after the appearance of a Coca Cola water bottling plant nearby and where the farmers
34 http://www.bottledlifefilm.com/index.php/the-story.html
35 http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-10-08/farmers-fight- coca-cola-as-india-s-groundwater-dries-up
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were having to dig deeper and deeper wells in order to have access to water for their crops. In another report about Coca Cola by the Guardian newspaper36 the article states;
‘The largest Coca-Cola plant in India is being accused of putting thousands of farmers out of work by draining the water that feeds their wells, and poisoning the land with waste sludge that the company claims is fertiliser‘
And
And
And
‘Samples taken in India and analysed by Exeter University show high levels of lead and cadmium in the sludge‘
‘Lead is particularly bad for children, affecting their nervous system, and cadmium is taken up by plants, is toxic to the kidneys and liver and can cause cancer‘
Coca Cola off course denies the accusations but I am sure that nobody is surprised there. In the website Scienceblogs.com,37 Indian journalist Arjun Sen is quoted when he wrote in the article titled
36 http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2003/jul/25/water.india 37 http://scienceblogs.com/primatediaries/2010/03/11/coca-cola-in- india-good-till-t/
‘The company denies the shortages have anything to do with its use of up to 1 million litres of water a day from the underground aquifer that is used to keep the wells topped up‘
‘The report says Plachimada was a thriving agricultural community until Coca-Cola set up the bottling plant in 1998. Coconut groves and vegetable crops have had to be abandoned because of the lack of water‘
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Coca-Cola and Water Use in India: “Good Till the Last Drop”38 as stating;
“Three years ago, the little patch of land in the green, picturesque rolling hills of Palakkad yielded 50 sacks of rice and 1,500 coconuts a year. It provided work for dozens of labourers. Then Coke arrived and built a 40-acre bottling plant nearby. In his last harvest, Shahul Hameed, owner of a smallholding, could manage only five sacks of rice and just 200 coconuts. His irrigation wells have run dry, thanks to Coke drawing up to 1.5 million litres of water daily through its deep wells to bottle Coke, Fanta, Sprite, and the drink the locals call without irony, “Thumbs Up.”
1.5 million litres of water a day multiplied by 365 days of the year equates to 547.5 million litres a year
Arjun goes on to say;
“In Kerala, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra, people have been protesting against Coke’s bottling plants because they’ve depleted groundwater level and damaged the environment”
In the same article Arjun highlights ‘some’ of the other crimes Coca Cola may have committed.
“The world’s most well recognised brand name’s Latin American bottler is facing trial for allegedly hiring Right-wing paramilitary forces (death squads) to kill and intimidate trade union organisers, especially from SINALTRAINAL. The suit has been brought under the Alien Tort Claims Act, which allows corporations to be sued in the USA for crimes committed overseas”.
“Holding Coke responsible for the harms it causes is nothing new. In May 2003, Coca-Cola de Panama was fined US $300,000 for polluting Matasnillo River in that country”
In February 2014, the Financial Times reported39 as follows; 38 http://www.countercurrents.org/glo-sen190803.htm
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‘A Coca-Cola bottling plant has been ordered to close in northern India 40 after local farmers blamed it for using too much water, creating fresh headaches for the world’s biggest soft-drinks maker in one of its most important markets’
Meanwhile in California…In the article by Mintpress News41 published on 20th March 2015 called ‘Nestle Continue Stealing World’s Water During Drought’42 it stated the following;
“Nestlé is draining California aquifers, from Sacramento alone taking 80 million gallons annually. Nestlé then sells the people’s water back to them at great profit under many dozen brand names.
The city of Sacramento is in the fourth year of a record drought – yet the Nestlé Corporation continues to bottle city water to sell back to the public at a big profit, local activists charge.
The Nestlé Water Bottling Plant in Sacramento is the target of a major press conference on Tuesday, March 17, by a water coalition that claims the company is draining up to 80 million gallons of water a year from Sacramento aquifers during the drought.
The coalition, the crunchnestle alliance, says that City Hall has made this use of the water supply possible through a “corporate welfare giveaway,” according to a press advisory.”
By using the formula 1 gal = 0.003785 m3, we can calculate that 80 million gallons = 302832.94272 m3 annually. Furthermore, by using the formula 1 gallon (US) = 3.785411784 litre, we can calculate that
39 http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/16d888d4-f790-11e3-b2cf- 00144feabdc0.html#axzz3k0T3VswS
40 http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/ae740fa0-8a54-11e3-9c29- 00144feab7de.html
41 http://www.mintpressnews.com/nestle-continues-stealing- worlds-water-during-drought/203544/
42 http://www.mintpressnews.com/nestle-continues-stealing- worlds-water-during-drought/203544/
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this equates to 302,832,942.72 litres or 302 million litres or 302832.94 Cubic Metres a year.
In an article by News Focus published on 4th December 2010 called ‘The Great Water Grab – Our Water Is Being Stolen From Us!’43 it states the following;
“A recent episode of the hit TruTV investigative program, “Conspiracy Theory With Jesse Ventura,” has literally tapped into a water scandal that most of the US public has no idea about. Multi-national corporations and unscrupulous wealthy individuals are buying up water rights for some of the largest aquifers in the US and the world. With water predicted to become a scarcity within 20 years, it would appear that some of the elite wealthy are trying to corner the market on the earth’s most precious life-giving resource, water.”
And about a T. Boone Pickens ownership of the Ogallala aquifer the following is stated;
“Thanks to many state legislators whose campaigns he helped finance, Pickens has been bestowed with a tremendous power generally reserved for state and local governments, the power of “eminent domain.” He did this by creating a Fresh Water Supply District—a government entity that is allowed that kind of power.”
And
“After spending $1.2-billion to help elect Texas legislators in 2006, Pickens was able to get the law changed. He did so with the invaluable help from former state Senator J.E. Buster Brown, now one of the most influential and powerful lobbyists in Texas. Brown accomplished this through an amendment to a major piece of state water legislation. The amendment, added after the bill had already been reviewed in the Texas House, allowed a water-supply district to transmit alternative energy and transport water in a single corridor, or right-of-way.”
And
43 http://www.newsfocus.org/water_grab.htm 29

“Not to be outdone by Pickens is another Texas family who may have taken their cue from their fellow Texan. The Bush family has purchased nearly 100,000 acres of land in Paraguay. What’s in Paraguay you say? A little town called Paso de Patria which is near the Triple Frontier (Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay), but is also very near Bolivian gas reserves and the Guarani indigenous water region, within the Triple Border.”
In the same article the following is stated about the large scale threat facing people;
“Argentina ́s undersecretary for Land for Social Habitat, Luis D’Elia, says the issue brings regional concern because it directly threatens the local natural resources. Water and gas are key.
Mr D’Elia is correct. Whether it is in the United States or a third world foreign nation, no individuals or multi-national corporations have the right to steal a natural resource that belongs to the people of the region, especially when it is a vital and necessary resource for life.
According to a source from the Physical Planning Department, most of the Chaco region belongs to private companies now. That can’t be a good thing for the locals whose very existence depends on the availability of their local drinking water.
A strong argument could be made to support the notion that we do not go to third world countries to help them get clean drinking water, but instead to privatize it for the immoral multi-national corporations, like Perrier, Aquafina or even Coca Cola.”
And
“A few companies have gone even bolder yet, such as Perrier, a subsidiary of the multi-national Nestle corporation. They have invested heavily in Michigan and the Great Lakes. Locked behind two sets of chain link fence, huge siphoning pumps are deliberately hidden from view in the forest. They are pumping the Great Lakes dry and shipping the water overseas. Much of the Great Lakes water is
30

headed for China, filled in massive cargo bags which are pulled across the ocean by a large super tanker. You might think that draining lakes that hold six quad-zillion gallons of fresh water would be impossible, but sadly enough, there is already a distinctive drop in the great lakes, quite noticeable to any who have seen it.”
Though many westerners continue to live in denial by refusing to accept how corrupt their local government officials are, nobody can deny or fall short in finding evidence exactly how corrupt the Indian Government is. As a consequence, rich and powerful western corporations and individuals find it very easy to manipulate countries like India whose population has ignorantly voted for the likes of the current Prime Minister Narendra Modi, who is currently selling many profitable avenues of Indian wealth to foreign corporations.
Now we have a likely motive (high demand/consumption on a super large industrial scale by the world’s leading drinks companies), let us now see how this ties up with the State of Punjab. While farmers in Punjab are digging deeper and deeper wells in order to have access to water for their crops, they are also being bombarded with inaccurate news from the Indian mainstream media blaming them for the shortage of water. The same journalists are also neglecting to mention the presence of big water bottling corporations who have set up industrial scale bottling and water extraction plants in the same region as the where the supposed shortage is appearing.
From Nestle’s own website an informational graphic44 confirms exactly where their bottling plants are located and you shall see from their own information, they have factories and offices located in north India and Punjabi farmers will not be surprised to learn of a large Nestle factory operating in the heart of their state. Nestle and other large scale companies have been extracting incredibly large quantities of ground water in a small window of time for their large scale production of their mass-selling products such as bottled water and beverages and the Indian Government is aware of the practice as it has already fined Coca-Cola for doing so45, but at the same time these corporations are operating in conjunction with the relevant Indian government permissions and/or licenses. In other words, The Indian government must be allowing the ground water to be extracted
44 https://www.nestle.in/aboutus/presenceacrossindia
45 http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/jun/18/indian- officals-coca-cola-plant-water-mehdiganj
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in the first place which of course makes the government hypocritical and an accomplice to this theft.
I am aware that to many people the idea of any government aiding foreign corporations to inflict the kind of damage to natural resources is an alien concept and this investigation will look at the this in more detail in the pages to come but let first confirm how India’s Government has continued their influence in a currently on-going situation which is and always has been the first modern day water war. If you are interesting in reading about the history of Punjab’s unconstitutional and unlawful deprivation of water by the Indian Government, the website Sikh Coalition46 has some valuable information on this subject matter.
The War for Kashmir is a war for water
The first water war between India and Pakistan began in the 1980’s when both nations claimed separate parts of Jammu Kashmir47. Reports at the time had claimed the dispute was due to political control of Kashmir but the underlying hatred between India and Pakistan goes back to the disastrous way the British Imperialists tore India apart and divided india during their dictatorship and as they left. Though initial reports which stated the war over Kashmir was a political battle were partly correct, the real reason for the continued face-off in Kashmir (as reported by the news service Al Jazeera48) is actually for the control of the rivers/water49 or more specifically50 the rivers51 which flow through Kashmir52 and onto India and Pakistan.
46 http://www.sikhcoalition.org/resources/about- sikhs/articles/history/current-issues
47 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir_conflict 48
http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/spotlight/kashmirtheforgottenc
onflict/2011/07/20117812154478992.html 49
http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2111601,00.ht
ml 50
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/21/world/asia/21kashmir.html? _r=0
51 http://www.dw.com/en/water-security-the-new-front-in- kashmir-struggle-between-india-pakistan/a-5935413
52 http://tribune.com.pk/story/783142/pakistan-and-indias-shared- waters/
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The Indian state of Punjab receives its name from the Persian words “panj”53 which means five and “aab” which means water. All the five rivers54 which flow through the state (Sutlej, Beas, Ravi, Chenab and Jhelum), are the tributaries of Indus River (Which incidentally is where Hindu’s receive their name). These five rivers are now divided between India and Pakistan though much of the land on which Pakistan sits was originally part of the Indian state of Punjab or the Sikh Kingdom of Punjab, before the British encouraged the creation of separate Islamic states and Pakistan and Bangladesh (originally called East Pakistan) was created.
Because of these rivers which flow through the State of Punjab and other parts of northern India originate from the mountainous regions surrounding north India and Pakistan such as Kashmir, the control of their original source (the Himalayas) and the land over which these rivers run, is actually the treasure of the on-going war and occupation of Kashmir. The continued military presence by both India and Pakistan in the divided Kashmir is proof what a large threat each nation considers the other side to be if control of the rivers were to be lost.
Summary
 Pakistan, Nigeria and the US are suffering from the same issue of water extraction
 Nestle and Coca Cola have a history of extracting large quantities of water
 Coca Cola has be known to extract 1.5 million litres of water a day
 Bottling companies seem to favour making local communities dependent on bottled water
 Remnants of the industry is dangerous and destroys communities and farms
 Bottling companies will resort to violence to intimidate
 Companies and Individuals can corrupt governments to
ensure success.
 The Kashmir War is a war for water
 As per Figure 5, there is more rainfall than water
consumption when calculated into cubic squared.
53 http://www.discoveredindia.com/punjab/attractions/lakes/ 54 http://blog.mapsofindia.com/punjab/punjab-the-land-of-five- rivers/
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Water Consumer Amount
Water bottling Plants (x2)*
Wheat water absorption x Rural land mass
Consumed Per Year
-730,000 cubic metres
-9,568,780 cm / -9.56878 cubic metres
Per x3 Years
-2.19 MCB
-28,706,340 cm / 28.70634 cubic metres
-2190028.70
Per x3 years
64.32 BCM 4.2 TCM
(Figures are rounded)
TOTAL WATER CONSUMPTION -73009.56 cubic metres
Water availability (Rain fall)
Official stats
Our Calculation of rain fall
Per Year
21.44 BCM 1.4 TCM
*Calculated on the basis of Nestle and Coca Cola who both have large bottling plants in Punjab. Though there are other smaller bottling plants we shall use only these two for the purposes of this data
34
Fig. 5

Chapter 5; Using Dams and Reservoirs as Weapons of War
Let us for now just ignore the increasingly cold temperatures worldwide which oppose the global warming theory55 (on average)56, and the increasing amount of ice57 in the artic (fact58) and other59 key facts and statistics60 which point to man-made global warming being another complete fabrication61. Let us for a one minute agree that the planet is warming and that global warming is real and thus without any conflict of information or argument.
If the case for climate change is true and global temperatures are indeed rising, then the ice in the coldest parts of the planet, such as the Arctic and the Himalayas should be melting at an increasingly faster rate and the rivers flowing from the Himalayas to India (and Pakistan) should be swelling up and floods becoming a more regularly occurring theme. In other words, if temperatures are increasing then that occurrence would surely replenish any depleted ground water in India (and Pakistan). After all, the global warming and climate change rhetoric is partly about the rising of water levels.
It is not until we study the recent history of the rivers which flow through Punjab that we realise that dams have been built along the
55 http://www.breitbart.com/london/2014/06/26/study-that- warned-of-global-warming-over-past-decade-ridiculed-after- temperatures-drop/
56 http://www.forbes.com/sites/larrybell/2013/08/21/the-new- york-times-global-warming-hysteria-ignores-17-years-of-flat-global- temperatures/
57
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=262&v=KFIrBw4 es-g
58 https://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/antarctic-sea-ice- reaches-new-record-maximum
59 https://www.infowars.com/flashback-nasa-study-mass-gains-of- antarctic-ice-sheet-greater-than-losses/
60 http://www.express.co.uk/news/clarifications- corrections/526191/Climate-change-is-a-lie-global-warming-not- real-claims-weather-channel-founder
61 http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article- 2569215/Humans-not-blame-global-warming-says-Greenpeace- founder-Patrick-Moore.html
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routes of these rivers and they are preventing the natural flow of the rivers. Reports of India using water collected from their dams as a weapon to flood communities In Pakistan are not new and certainly seem not to be without merit. It also begs the question why the Government of Pakistan have not built or commissioned their own dams on their own territory to mimic any concerns India may have (if those concerns are genuine for justifying the building of dams.
In September 2010, an article entitled ‘Is India responsible for the floods in Pakistan?’62 stated the following;
“Unfortunately, evidence indicates that this natural disaster could very well not be so natural at all. And contrary to most natural disasters, to induce this flood would not require the use of exotic weaponry at all. A story from August of this year indicates that Pakistani officials have held India responsible for flooding in the River Chenab. They claim that India has released a big amount of water at Jammun Tavi place in River Chenab. An editorial by a Pakistani newspaper, the Nawa-i-Waqt urges the Pakistani government to refuse any aid from India”
In the website Pakistan Defence63 an article published in February 2009 called ‘Dams being built by India on River Indus pose danger to N Areas, Basha Dam, KKH’64 was written before the above mentioned floods in Pakistan and states the following;
The three dams being built by India on River Indus could play havoc in Northern Areas of Pakistan if the said reservoirs collapse for any reason intentionally or unintentionally releasing huge quantum of water causing flash floods that could devastate large swathes of land in Pakistan.’ From the article it appears that these dams are capable of storing gigantic amounts of water”
And
62 http://defence.pk/threads/india-responsible-for-the-floods-in- pakistan.71377/#ixzz3tjgcC924
63 http://defence.pk/
64 http://defence.pk/threads/dams-being-built-by-india-on-river- indus-pose-danger-to-n-areas-basha-dam-kkh.21814/
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“many members of Pakistan National Assembly expressed great concern over the alleged violation of the Indus Water treaty by India in building dams across rivers meant for Pakistan and warned of a possible war between the two countries over this issue.”
Whether the Indian and other governments are using dams and reservoirs as political weapons (against other countries or against their own population) or not, the danger and reality of them being able to do so does exist. If too much water is collected then that becomes a ticking time bomb and if not enough is collected then that becomes a type of suffocation and slow death for the local population. Why dams are required in the first place is big debate in itself however one thing is for sure, dams are built to disrupt the natural flow of nature.
In a recent trip to India in 2016, I decided to visit a dam in northern India called Bhakra Dam which is located just over the boundary line of State of Punjab in a village called Bhakra (from which the dam gets its name) and is fed by the Sutlej River which is one of the five rivers which flows through the State of Punjab. During our drive to the destination I noticed at least three dried up river/stream beds. As we approached the general area of the dam there were a noticeable increased military presence and signs prohibiting photography of the local canals and rivers. I found this strange but we continued on our journey none-the-less. When we approached the general vicinity of the dam we were asked to seek permission from the dam’s administrative office in order to be allowed into the immediate area to view the dam though it is regarded as a tourist attraction. My driver who is an Indian national and has always resided in India went in to confirm our intention to visit the dam. He soon returned and stated the lady inside wanted to see all of us. My wife and I followed our driver into the office and we spoke to the lady as requested of us. She asked us some questions to establish who we were and once we confirmed we did not reside in India, we were refused entry and offered no explanation.
This experience suggested to me that the Indian Government does not want the world to know how much water is being collected by dams such as the Bhakra Dam and/or what dangers are posed to local communities. On the website Trip Advisor, a Bhakra Dam visitor
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has reviewed the dam as a tourist during his visit in February 2015 and wrote the following65;
“Bhakra Dam is a concrete gravity dam across the Sutlej River, located at a narrow gorge between two hills, Naina Devi ki dhar and Ramgarh ki dhar, near the (now submerged) upstream Bhakra village in Bilaspur district of Himachal Pradesh, is India’s tallest at 225 m. The length of the dam (measured from the road above it) is 518.25 m; it is 9.1 m broad. Its reservoir, known as the “Gobind Sagar”, stores up to 9.34 billion cubic metres of water, enough to drain the whole of Chandigarh, parts of Haryana, Punjab and Delhi. The 90 km long reservoir created by the Bhakra Dam is spread over an area of 168.35 km2. In terms of storage of water, it withholds the third largest reservoir in India, the first being Indira Sagar Dam in Madhya Pradesh with capacity of 12.22 billion cu m and second Nagarjunasagar Dam. It is 15 km from Nangal City and 20 km from Naina Devi. The Bhakra Dam and Nangal Dam are two separate dams: water flooded from Bhakra Dam is actually controlled and maintained by Nangal Dam. One has to take permit from PRO office, Nangal. Ask anyone in Nagal, they will guide you to reach here. It is very simple to get it. Photography not allowed at dam. Security persons will tell you to keep your camera inside your bags. On the north side of dam, one can enjoy boating, 400/- for a big 60 persons capacity boat for 45 minutes, all yours. Or you can have more tourist to share the amount”
He also provides some very interesting photographs as part of his review and the images illustrate the huge grand scale of the dam. It is important to note at his point that it was stated above that the Bhakra Dam holds 9.34 billion cubic metres of water.
As if by sheer destiny, during my second trip to California which followed just a few days after my trip to India (during the above mentioned attempt to visit Bhakra Dam), I was alerted a few days into my stay by my cell phone bleeping a rather distressing noise. Upon inspection, I came to realise the noise was a governmental type weather alert due to the heavy rain California was receiving which in turn may have resulted of a possible collapse of the local dam. Because we were staying in a certain valley in California, we
65 https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attraction_Review-g2289067- d2629177-Reviews-Bhakra_Dam-Rupnagar_Punjab.html
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were in the path of the danger from the dam collapse. The statistics of the dam and the incompetence of the authorities in charge of the dam is not important here (though extremely interesting) but what is important is that the US Government found the threat of a potential collapse to be dangerous enough to warn everyone which is further proof that dams are a risk to life and can therefore can be used as a weapon and a source of control.
Water Weapons of Peace; Artificial Recharge to Ground Water (AR)
Let us now move onto what solutions are available to help nations preserve and/or expand water depletion levels. In the United Nations Environment Programme website66 the following explanation is provided for artificial recharge;
66
“Artificial recharge is the planned, human activity of augmenting the amount of groundwater available through works designed to increase the natural replenishment or percolation of surface waters into the groundwater aquifers, resulting in a corresponding increase in the amount of groundwater available for abstraction. Although the primary objective of this technology is to preserve or enhance groundwater resources, artificial recharge has been used for many other beneficial purposes. Some of these purposes include conservation or disposal of floodwaters, control of saltwater intrusion, storage of water to reduce pumping and piping costs, temporary regulation of groundwater abstraction, and water quality improvement by removal of suspended solids by filtration through the ground or by dilution by mixing with naturally-occurring groundwater’s (Asano, 1985). Artificial recharge also has application in wastewater disposal, waste treatment, secondary oil recovery, prevention of land subsidence, and storage of freshwater within saline aquifers, crop development, and stream flow augmentation (Oaksford, 1985).
A variety of methods have been developed and applied to artificially recharge groundwater reservoirs in various parts of the world. Details of these methods, as well as related
http://www.unep.or.jp/ietc/publications/techpublications/techpub -8e/artificial.asp
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topics, can be found in the literature (e.g., Todd, 1980; Huisman and Olsthoorn, 1983; Asano, 1985; CGWB, 1994).
The methods may be generally classified in the following four categories (Oaksford, 1985):
(1) Direct Surface Recharge Technique (ASANO, 1985).
(2) Direct Subsurface Recharge Technique.
(3) Combination surface-subsurface methods, including subsurface drainage (collectors with wells), basins with pits, shafts, and wells.
(4) Indirect Recharge Techniques.
Direct surface recharge techniques are among the simplest and most widely applied methods. In this method, water moves from the land surface to the aquifer by means of percolation through the soil. Most of the existing large scale artificial recharge schemes in western countries make use of this technique which typically employs infiltration basins to enhance the natural percolation of water into the subsurface (Dewan Mohamed et al., 1983). Field studies of spreading techniques have shown that, of the many factors governing the amount of water that will enter the aquifer, the area of recharge and length of time that water is in contact with soil are the most important (Todd, 1980). In general, these methods have relatively low construction costs and are easy to operate and maintain. Direct subsurface recharge techniques convey water directly into an aquifer. In all the methods of subsurface recharge, the quality of the recharged water is of primary concern. Recharged water enters the aquifer without the filtration and oxidation that occurs when water percolates naturally through the unsaturated zone.
Direct subsurface recharge methods access deeper aquifers and require less land than the direct surface recharge methods, but are more expensive to construct and maintain. Recharge wells, commonly called injection wells, are generally used to replenish groundwater when aquifers are deep and separated from the land surface by materials of low permeability. All the subsurface methods are susceptible to clogging by suspended solids, biological activity or chemical impurities. Recharge wells have been used to dispose of treated industrial wastewaters, to add freshwater to coastal aquifers experiencing saltwater
40

intrusion, and to force water under pressure into permeable bedrock aquifers to arrest land subsidence resulting from extensive withdrawals of groundwater, although with variable success (CGWB, 1994). In many places, including the United States, Japan and Thailand, the use of injection wells is still considered experimental (Dewan Mohamed et al., 1983).
Combinations of several direct surface and subsurface techniques can be used in conjunction with one another to meet specific recharge needs.
Indirect methods of artificial recharge include the installation of groundwater pumping facilities or infiltration galleries near hydraulically-connected surface waterbodies (such as streams or lakes) to lower groundwater levels and induce infiltration elsewhere in the drainage basin, and modification of aquifers or construction of new aquifers to enhance or create groundwater reserves. The effectiveness of the former, induced recharge method depends upon the number and proximity of surface waterbodies, the hydraulic conductivity (or transmissivity) of the aquifer, the area and permeability of the streambed or lake bottom, and the hydraulic gradient created by pumping. Using the latter technique, aquifers can be modified by structures that impede groundwater outflow or that create additional storage capacity. Groundwater barriers or dams have been built within river beds in many places, including India, to obstruct and detain groundwater flows so as to sustain the storage capacity of the aquifer and meet water demands during periods of greatest need. Construction of complete small-scale aquifers also seems feasible (Helweg and Smith, 1978). Notwithstanding, indirect methods generally provide less control over the quantity and quality of the water than do the direct methods.
Though the general rhetoric behind the case of building dams is mainly based on the prevention of flooding and the importance of water storage, it is never highlighted by those who stand to gain from the presence of dams about the dangers which are created by changing the natural equilibrium of the local and natural environments. And when I say local, I mean across hundreds of miles. This certainly seems to be true for the State of Punjab. Let us now look how this may be taking place by the use of canals.
41

Canal Administration
The Punjab Government website states67;
“The total river water allocated to Punjab is 14.22 MAF which is distributed to command area through 7 main canal system namely Sirhind Canal System, Bist Doab Canal system , UBDC system , Sirhind Feeder System , Eastern Canal system, Bhakra Main line System and Shahnehar Canal System.”
Note the term “allocated”. MAF is described as follows by the Chief Engineer of Drainage, Department of Drainage, Government of Punjab via a direct email as;
“MAF means= Million acre foot, 14.22 MAF= 1,40,22,000 Cubic acre foot, 1 acre foot = 5,00,000 Cusecs, Cusecs= CFT”
By my own calculations, 14.22 MAF equates to 402665.56434 Cubic Metres per Second which per year (x 31536000 seconds) equates to 12,698,461,237,026.24 or 12.6 Trillion Cubic Metres.
The canal system in the State is described as follows on the Department of Irrigation Government of Punjab website68.
Canal irrigation systems in Punjab comprise of Sirhind Canal system, Bist Doab Canal system, Bhakra Main Line (BML) Canal System, Upper Bari Doab Canal system, Kashmir Canal , Ferozepur Feeder/Sirhind Feeder system, Eastern Canal system, Makhu Canal System, Shahnehar Canal system and the Kandi Canal system.
67
http://irrigation.punjab.gov.in/OldVersion/canal_administration.ht ml
68
http://irrigation.punjab.gov.in/OldVersion/canal_administration_ca nsystem.html
42

The Rajasthan Feeder and Bikaner Canal which carry Ravi- Beas & Sutlej water exclusively for Rajasthan also run in a considerable length over Punjab Territory.
The Sirhind Canal system is about 150 years old. The Sirhind Canal which offtakes from Ropar headwork has an authorized capacity of 12620 Cs with a culturable command area of 13.59 lac hect. The Sirhind Canal and its distribution network are spread over a length of 3215Km .
The Bhakra Main Line Canal is an extension of Nangal Hydel Channel. The authorized capacity of Nangal Hydel Channel which offtakes from Nangal Barrage downstream of Bhakra Dam is 12500 Cs. The authorized capacity of BML canal is 12455 Cs at head after taking into account 45 Cs. of losses in Nangal Hydel Channel . The Bhakra Main Line has a length of about 164Km, out of which 159 Km falls in Punjab Territory and the balance is in Haryana. The BML canal was built during 1950-54. It is an inter-state channel which supplies water for irrigation and drinking purposes to Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan. The drinking water supplies are also made to Chandigarh (160 Cs) and Delhi (370 Cs) through the B.M.L Canal. The carrying capacity of BML canal was restored to its authorized discharge of 12455 Cs in the year 2004.
Narwana Branch Canal with an authorized capacity of 4500Cs, off takes at RD 158230/L of BML Canal, out of which 4022 Cs water is supplied to Haryana . The length of Narwana Branch is about 98 Km, out of which 49 Km falls in Punjab. The total length of channel off takes from BML Canal and Narwana Branch in Punjab portion is of the order of 1256 Km, with an irrigation potential of 7,35,463 acres.
The Bist Doab Canal off takes from the right bank of river Sutlej upstream of Ropar headwork. The Bist Doab Canal system, constructed in 1954-55, is spread over a length of 805 Km. The canal has an authorized capacity of 1452 Cs. with a culturable command area of 1.99 lac hect. Over the years, the carrying capacity of the canal has got reduced to 1000 Cs. The system needs comprehensive rehabilitation/ renovation.
Upper Bari Doab Canal (UBDC) system: A barrage was constructed at Madhopur after the weir type structure got damaged in the flood of 1955 and the UBDC system which
43

off-takes from Madhopur Headworks was further developed by including additional areas. The UBDC system was remodeled during 2001-2005, to ensure full utilization of stored waters of river Ravi, as a result of commissioning of Ranjit Sagar Dam in the year 2000. The UBDC presently, has an authorized discharge of 9000 Cs. Seven main / branch canals off take from UBDC with 247 distributaries and minors, off taking from these main branch canals. The UBDC system is spread over a length of 3119 Km, having a culturable command area of 5.73 lac hect.
The Rajasthan Feeder which carries Ravi-Beas waters exclusively for Rajasthan off- takes from Harike Headworks. It has a capacity of 18500 Cs. However, the head regulator of the canal has a capacity of 15000 Cs which is sufficient for supplying allocated Quantum of Ravi Beas waters to Rajasthan. The canal which was constructed in the year 1958-1961, runs in a length of 149.53 Km in Ferozepur, Muktsar and Faridkot districts of Punjab.
Ferozepur Feeder off takes from Harike Headworks. It has capacity of 11192 Cs was constructed in 1952-53 and runs in a length of about 51.30 Kms, for supply of Ravi Beas waters to two distributary systems (Mayawah, Sodhinagar) having a combined discharge of 309 Cs.
The Sirhind Feeder off taking from Ferozepur Feeder at RD 55413 ft. was constructed during 1954-55 and runs in a length of about 136.50 Km . It has an authorized capacity of 5264Cs, having a culturable command area of 3.6 lac hect.
The Rajasthan Feeder is a lined channel, with single tile lining in bed and double tile lining on side slopes. This type of lining was adopted, probably for the reason, that ground water table was 33 meters deep at the time of construction of Rajasthan Feeder. The full supply depth from 0- 179000 was kept as 14.40 ft and in the downstream reach RD 179000 to tail, the same was kept as 21.0ft .
The seepage from Rajasthan Feeder and Sirhind Feeder in Punjab Territory has assumed alarming proportions in as much as, the seepage from these canal systems has been found to be 191.05 MCM i.e. 21% of the total annual ground water recharge. There has been an enormous rise in sub soil water level(SSWL) in reach RD 179000 to 496000 of the Rajasthan Feeder and RD 124000 to 434000 of Sirhind
44

Feeder. Out of 84800 hectare of fertile land critically affected by water logging in Faridkot, Mukatsar, Malout, Lambi, Abohar and Gidderbaha tracts of Punjab, 25% area is adjoining Rajasthan and Sirhind Feeders.
The continuous seepage from these canals is aggravating the situation and further making the land saline and unfit for cultivation. Relining of these canals is the only option for which two projects have been prepared at an estimated cost of Rs. 889.95 crore and 363.50 crore respectively for Rajasthan and Sirhind Feeder Canals.
Eastern Canal system is a non-perennial system. Its construction was completed in 1927 and it used to off take from Hussainiwala Headworks. However, after the construction of Harike Headworks, the supply of water to Eastern canal system and Bikaner Canal has been switched over to Harike Headworks, except for a portion of Eastern canal running in a length of about 8.02 Kms which receives water supply from Hussainiwala Headworks for feeding 7 distribution and 8 minors. The authorised discharge of Eastern Canal system is 3197 cs, which has culturable command area of 2.16 lac hect and runs in a length of 856 Kms.
The Makhu Canal, with a designed capacity of 292 cs offtakes at Harike headwork. The Makhu Canal system spreads over a length of 92.8 Km and has a culturable command area of 20600 hectares.
Shahnehar Headwork was constructed downstream of Pong Dam in the year 1983 on river Beas. Mukerian Hydel Channel off takes from this headworks and four power houses having a total installed capacity of 207 MW have been constructed at RDs 6.349, 16.004, 18.939 and 27.404 Km of the Mukerian Hydel channel, for production of electricity before Beas waters is released for utilization at Harike. The old Shahnehar canal was replaced by constructing feeder No.1 and feeder No. II canals (designed capacity 306+252=558 Cs) off-taking from Mukerian Hydel channel and extending irrigation in Kandi areas for ensuring 0.32 MAF of pre-partition usage of Beas water.
Kashmir Canal off-takes from River Ravi upstream of Madhopur Headworks. It provides irrigation water to the State of J&K and some areas of Punjab as per old
45

agreements. The length of canal is 5.26 Km with an authorized capacity of 1050 cs at head. Lift schemes installed on the canal draw 250 Cs of water. The Canal bifurcates into two branches, namely chakandar feeder and Kathua Canal with a discharge of 400 Cs. each.
The details of main canals are as under:-
Sr. No. Canal 1
2 3 4 5 6 7
Water is
need and the most important input for all human development activity. The main objective of the Canal Administration is to develop, plan, utilize and manage this important resource for irrigation in a judicious, equitable, sustainable and sound economic manner.
An Act to regulate irrigation namely ‘Northern India Canal and Drainage Act, 1873 has been enacted. The issues regarding application of water for public purposes, construction and maintenance of works, supply of water for irrigation, water rates, recovery of charges, penalty for offences under the Act are covered under it. Under the Act, the Deputy collector can order use or distribution of water and settle differences as to mutal rights and liabilities of persons interested in the water course. Thus warabandi at outlet level is settled under the Act. Following offences are punishable under the Act.
Name of Canal system Discharge at Head in Cs Sirhind Canal
12620 Bist Doab Canal
1408
Upper Bari Doab Canal 9000
Sirhind Feeder 5264 Eastern Canal 3197
Bhakra Main line 12455
Shahnehar Canal 875
Length in KM of Main CCA lac Hectare
59.44
13.59 43.00
1.99 42.35
5.40 136.53
3.60 8.02
2.16 161.36
3.81 24.23
0.33
the most essential natural resource, a basic human
46

Whoever, without proper authority and voluntarily, does any of the acts following that is to say:-
 Damages, alters, enlarges or obstructs any canal or drainage work.
 Interferes with, increases or diminishes the supply of water in, or the flow of water from, through, over or under, any canal or drainage work.
 Interferes with or alters the flow of water in any river or stream so as to endanger, damage or render less useful any canal or drainage work.
 Being responsible for the maintenance of a watercourse, or using a watercourse neglects to take proper precautions for the prevention of waste of the water thereof, or interferes with the authorized distribution of the water there from or uses such water in an unauthorized manner.
 Corrupts or fouls the water of any canal so as to render it less fit for the purposes for which it is ordinarily used.
 Causes any vessel to enter or navigate any canal contrary to the rules for the time being prescribed by the State Government for entering or navigating such canal.
 While navigating on any canal neglects to take proper precautions for the safety of canal and of vessels thereon.
 Omitted by Punjab Act 14 of 1968.
 Destroy or moves any level mark or water gauge
fixed by the authority of a public servant.
 Passes or causes animals or vehicles to pass on or across any of the works, banks or channels of a canal or drainage work contrary to rules made under this Act, after he has been desired to desist
there from.
 Violates any rule made under this Act for breach
whereof a penalty may be incurred.
The objective is to keep the canal infrastructure in proper shape and ensure authorized discharge at tail ends of distributaries/ Minors. The water allowance for each system has been decided by Govt, based on availability of water, type of soil, crop sown in area, underground water level etc. etc. The water allowance of canal systems is as under:-
47

S. No.
1
2
3
Khara Majah area)
4 Sirhind Feeder System 3.05
5 Eastern Canal System 5.5
6 Bhakra Main Line System 2.04
7 Shahnehar Canal system 7.00
It is the objective of the Canal Administration to ensure, that subject to availability of water in Dams, each beneficiary gets water as per his authorization as per above water allowance.
An important point to note here is that the Rajasthan feeder which like Bikaner Canal carries river water exclusively for Rajasthan is measured by 1500 cs and 3197 cs respectively by the Punjab Government. Rajasthan is a natural desert and thus water is not of abundance. The above feeders are taking water which would other be destined for Punjab to Rajasthan. Let us now look at my calculations for each individual canal / feeder which is being strictly controlled by the Punjab and Indian Government.
Sirhind Canal
12620 cubic feet per second = 357.35860914 cubic meter per second
357.35860914 x number of seconds per year (31536000) = 11,269,661,098.83904 / 11.2 BCM
11.2 Billion Cubic Metres can also be regarded as 33.6 BCM x3 years
Amount of water reaching Punjab = 0%
Amount of Water reaching other areas away from Punjab = 100%
Bist Doab Canal
1000 cubic feet per second = 28.316847 cubic meter per second
28.316847 x number of seconds per year (31536000) = 893,000,086.992 / 893 MCM
893 Million Cubic Metres can also be regarded as 2.6 BCM x3 years
Amount of water reaching Punjab = 0%
Name of System Water Allowance in cusecs/acres
Sirhind Canal System 3.05 Bist Doab Canal System 1.95
UBDC system
4.15 (5.5 Cs
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Amount of Water reaching other areas away from Punjab = 100%
Upper Bari Doab Canal
9000 cubic feet per second = 254.851623 cubic meter per second
254.851623 x number of seconds per year (31536000) = 8,037,000,782.928 / 8 BCM
8.Billion Cubic Metres can also be regarded as 24 BCM x3years
Amount of water reaching Punjab = 0%
Amount of Water reaching other areas away from Punjab = 100%
Sirhind Feeder
5264 cubic feet per second = 149.059882608 cubic meter per second
149.059882608 x number of seconds per year (31536000) = 4,700,752,457.925888 / 4.7 BCM
4.7 Billion Cubic Metres can also be regarded as 14.1 BCM x3 years
Amount of water reaching Punjab = 0%
Amount of Water reaching other areas away from Punjab = 100%
Ferozepur Feeder
11192 cubic feet per second = 316.922151624 cubic meter per second
316.922151624 x number of seconds per year (31536000) = 9,994,456,973.614464 / 9.9 BCM
9.9 Billion Cubic Metres can also be regarded as 29.7 BCM x3 years
Amount of water reaching Punjab = 97%
Amount of Water reaching other areas away from Punjab = 3%
Tribune India states69;
“The Ferozepur feeder canal offtakes from the Harike headworks and has a capacity of 11,192 cusecs. The 51.30-km canal that was constructed in 1952-53 supplies Ravi-Beas water to two distribution systems (Mayawah and Sodhinagar) having a combined discharge of 309 cusecs.”
69 http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/work-to-repair- feeder-canal-begins/412841.html
49

Eastern Canal
3197 cubic feet per second = 90.528959859 cubic meter per second
90.528959859 x number of seconds per year (31536000) = 2,854,921,278.113424 / 2.8 BCM
2.8 Billion Cubic Metres can also be regarded as 8.4 BCM x3 years
Amount of water reaching Punjab = 0%
Amount of Water reaching other areas away from Punjab = 100%
The Makhu Canal
292 cubic feet per second = 8.268519324 cubic meter per second
8.268519324 x number of seconds per year (31536000) = 260,756,025.401664 / 260 MCM
260 Million Cubic Metres can also be regarded as 780 MCM x3 years
Amount of water reaching Punjab = 0%
Amount of Water reaching other areas away from Punjab = 100%
Bhakra Main line
12455 cubic feet per second = 352.686329385 cubic meter per second
352.686329385 x number of seconds per year (31536000) = 11,122,316,083.48536 / 11.1 BCM
11.1 Billion Cubic Metres can also be regarded as 33.3 BCM
Amount of water reaching Punjab = 95.74% approx.
Amount of Water reaching other areas away from Punjab = 4.25% approx.
However, according to Time of India70, this canal carries 2,455 cusecs of Sutlej water across the three states which equates to 352.686329385 cubic metre per second
Shahnehar Canal
558 cubic feet per second = 15.800800626 cubic meter per second
15.800800626 x number of seconds per year (31536000) = 498,294,048.541536 / 498 MCM
498 Million Cubic Metres can also be regarded as 1.5 BCM x3 years
70 http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jind/dredging-at-bhakra- canals-tail-end-brings-out-12-bodies/articleshow/57985170.cms
50

Amount of water reaching Punjab = 0%
Amount of Water reaching other areas away from Punjab = 100%
Kashmir Canal
1050 cubic feet per second = 29.73268935 cubic meter per second
29.73268935 x number of seconds per year (31536000) = 937,650,091.3416 / 937 MCM
937 Million Cubic Metres can also be regarded as 2.8 BCM x3 years
Amount of water reaching Punjab = 50% approx
Amount of Water reaching other areas away from Punjab = 50% aprox
Narwana Branch Canal
4500 cubic feet per second = 127.4258115 cubic meter per second
127.4258115 x number of seconds per year (31536000) = 4,018,500,391.464 / 4 BCM
4 Billion Cubic Metres can also be regarded as 12 BCM x3 years
Amount of water reaching Punjab = 10.6% approx
Amount of Water reaching other areas away from Punjab = 89.37% aprox
Rajasthan Feeder
15000 cubic feet per second = 424.752705 cubic meter per second
424.752705 x number of seconds per year (31536000) = 1,339,500,1304.88 / 1.3 BCM per year
1.3 Billion Cubic Metres can also be regarded as 3.9 BCM x3 years
Amount of water reaching Punjab = 0%
Amount of Water reaching other areas away from Punjab = 100%
Bikaner Canal
3197 cubic feet per second = 90.528959859 cubic meter per second
90.528959859 x number of seconds per year (31536000) = 2,854,921,278.113424 / 2.8 BCM per year
2.8 Brillion Cubic Metres can also be regarded as 8.4 BCM x3 years
Amount of water reaching Punjab = 0%
51

Amount of Water reaching other areas away from Punjab = 100%
% of water allocated and second tier figures are rounded or approximates but as accurate as possible.
Let us now compare and cross reference these figures and our previous calculations in the table below;
By my own calculations, 14.22 MAF equates to 402665.56434 Cubic Metres per Second which per year (x 31536000 seconds) equates to 12,698,461,237,026.24 or 12.6 Trillion Cubic Metres.
1 million litres = 1000 cubic metres per day x 365 days = 365,000 CM per year and 1,095,000 (1.1m) every three years. Nestle has a plant in Punjab so we can assume that this figure can easily be doubled to 730,000 CM per year and 3.3 MCM every three years.
If we take into consideration that the Bhakra Dam via its Gobind Sagar stores up to 9.34 billion cubic metres of water, (enough to drain the whole of Chandigarh, parts of Haryana, Punjab and Delhi, in other words, most of north India), and add that to the table as follows by assuming the 9.34 BCM is recycled annually we begin to develop a clearer picture.
Amount Consumed Per Year
TOTAL WATER CONSUMPTION -9.53 TCM Water bottling Plants + Wheat
Per x3 Years
-28.6 TCM –
Per x3 years
-3.9 TCM -8.4 BCM -12.3 TCM
Per x3 years
+64.32 BCM +4.2 TCM
+162.9 BCM
-34.89 TCM
Water lost via outer state feeders Rajasthan feeder Bikaner Canal TOTAL
Water availability
Official statistics
Our Calculation of rain fall
Amount transferred per year
-1.3 TCM
-2.8 BCM
-4.1 TCM Per Year
+21.44 BCM +1.4 TCM
Water via canals / feeders
Consumption + State feeders Minus Water availability
+ canals/feeders
+54.3 BCM
-11.63 TCM
52

Summary
 In 2009 Pakistan voiced the potential of India using Super dams to flood parts of Pakistan
 In 2010, when Pakistan came under intense flooding, the Pakistani media held India responsible
 Options for India and other nations are available for replenishing lost ground water
 The canal system in Punjab is a complex system, part of which takes water away from Punjab
 Punjab is being allocated water and the natural flow of such water has been made limited.
53
Fig 6

Chapter 6; The Flood Plains Of Punjab
The Indian state of Punjab has very green land and fertile soil which has mostly been left behind by floods over the previous hundreds of years from the rivers which run through it. These rivers and their extensive irrigation network have converted Punjab into the affluent agricultural region it is today71 and irrespective of its naturally dry conditions. Bumper agriculture produce72 and revenue has made Punjab the richest per capita state of India. The land of “five rivers” Punjab (Pentapotamia in Greek)73, is among the most highly productive regions on Earth and is generally referred to as the “food bowl” or “bread basket” of India74. Wheat, maize, barley, paddy, cotton and sugarcane are all grown with ease.
In the website Punjab.gov.in (as noted in footnote 13) the following is stated;
“The Punjab State is mainly underlain by Quaternary alluvium of considerable thickness, which abuts against the rocks of Siwalik system towards North-East. The alluvial deposits in general act as a single ground water body except locally as buried channels. Sufficient thickness of saturated permeable granular horizons occurs in the flood plains of rivers which are capable of sustaining heavy duty tubewells.”
On the Punenvis website under the section Ground Water Monitoring75 the following is stated;
71 http://www.cotf.edu/earthinfo/sasia/punjab/PJtopic4.html 72 http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-11-
11/news/35034149_1_indian-farmers-crop-marginal-farmers 73
http://www.punjabonline.com/servlet/library.history?Action=Page &Param=2
74 http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-07- 10/news/27633051_1_food-bowl-food-security-electricity
75
http://punenvis.nic.in/index3.aspx?sslid=7156&subsublinkid=5721 &langid=1&mid=1
54

“In Punjab, the ground water resources have been built up in the alluvial plains through in-filtration, return flow from surface irrigation, seepage from river & other streams and extensive network of unlined water carriers which further transport huge quantity of water from rivers to the fields.
On another part of the Punenvis website76 (Punjab ENVIS Centre) it has the following to say about Punjab natural features;
“In Punjab, the vast Indo – Gangetic alluvial plain forms an excellent repository of ground water resources. Ground water in Punjab occurs under both confined and unconfined conditions. The aquifers are laterally and vertically extensive and persistent in nature.
And
Satluj Beas and Ravi are the perennial rivers of the Indus system, which flows through Punjab that 9 3 together carry 40.5 x 10 m of. Ghaggar is the seasonal river. Himalayan glaciers melt account for about 58 percent of the source water supply of these rivers. All these rivers are tapped by using dams at different levels in the catchment areas and stored water is utilized for irrigation through a strong network of canals in the command areas.”
The meaning of the term alluvial plain is described by Wikipedia.org as follows;
“Alluvium (from the Latin, alluvius, from alluere, “to wash against”) is loose, unconsolidated (not cemented together into a solid rock) soil or sediments, which has been eroded, reshaped by water in some form, and redeposited in a non-marine setting”77
This tells us that the flooding of the area which is now politically referred to as the State of Punjab and surrounding areas are accustomed to flooding and has been for many years and well before
76
http://punenvis.nic.in/index1.aspx?lid=173&mid=1&langid=1&linki d=100
77 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alluvium
55

the appearance of the numerous dams. Another very important point mentioned above was that the “Himalayan glaciers melt account for about 58 percent of the source water supply of these rivers” which again confirms that the control of the rivers which flow into India from the mountainous regions could have and may already be having disastrous consequences.
When floods arrive, where does the water go? It goes underground of course as it is soaked up by the soil and gravity takes it further and deeper below ground. But what if the water which would otherwise become flood water and eventually replenish ground water levels was being halted by dams and/or redirected elsewhere like it has been done in the State of California in the U.S.?78
According to the Punenvis website79, the Management of Water Resources in Punjab has three keys elements;
(i) Water source creation/augmentation and distribution,
(ii) Regulation – which implies implementation of laws and monitoring
(iii) Promotion of new technologies for water conservation and improving water quality.
All of these functions are managed by various departments of the Punjab Government which include the control of floods and water logging80 via procedures labelled as;
 Flood Management Programme
 Flash flood control programme
 NABARD scheme for construction of subsurface drainage
So if prevention measures are in place to even try and prevent water logging (a much smaller amount of water than a flood) then imagine
78 http://www.foxnews.com/us/2015/04/16/man-made-disaster-
critics-say-california-drought-caused-by-misguided.html 79
http://punenvis.nic.in/index2.aspx?slid=5813&sublinkid=994&langi
d=1&mid=1 80
http://punenvis.nic.in/index2.aspx?slid=5813&sublinkid=994&langi d=1&mid=1
56

how much water each year is systematically being prevented from reaching its natural destination. In the document entitled Flood Management Programme During XI Plan – Revised Guidelines for Centrak Assistance to States, the following is stated in Section 1;
1.1 Devastation by floods is a recurrent annual phenomenon in India. Almost every year, some or the other part of the country is affected by floods. Floods cause enormous damage to life, public property and disruptions to infrastructure besides psychological and emotional instability amongst the people.
1.2 Many areas of the country are very vulnerable to floods and there is a great risk of damage to national assets like highways, roads, railway tracks, etc. apart from damages to life and property.
Information available via the National Institute of Disaster Management81 which is part of Home Affairs, Government of India, the following is stated82 about the soil analysis in Section 1.5 which further emphasises our point;
“The soils of Punjab have been classified into the following major types:
 Flood Plain or Bet Soils
 Loamy Soils
 Sandy Soils
 Desert Soils
 Kandi Soils
 Sierozems
 Grey- Brown Podzolic & Forest Soils
 Sodic and Saline Soils”
In Section 1.6 the following is said about Punjab;
“Physiography refers to the study of physical features of the area and their relationship with one another including the factors and processes responsible for the evolution of landforms. The state of Punjab forms a part of Indo- Gangetic alluvial plain and is composed of sediments of
81 http://nidm.gov.in/default.asp
82 nidm.gov.in/PDF/DP/PUNJAB.PDF
57

Shiwalik hills and Himalayas brought down and laid by the rivers of Indus system. The exact depth of the alluvium has not been ascertained, though it varies from a few metres to over 2000 metres. The state can be divided into the following major physiographic units:
a. Siwalik hills
b. Piedmont plain c. Alluvial plain
d. Sand dunes
e. Flood plain
f. Palaeochannels”
In the same section a summary of each listed unit has written to help the reader understand the terminology. Under Flood plain, the following is stated;
“The alluvial plain/terraces are the old flood plains of the rivers, the remnants of which lie above the level of the present river beds. They are separated from flood plains at their bases by broken chains of sand dunes and cliffs. The deposits of terraces vary with respect to texture, depth of carbonate leaching and translocation of other mobile soil constituents. Some parts of these terraces are affected by water logging and/or salinity and alkalinity. The unit occupies nearly 76.9 percent of the total geographical area of the state.
In Section 2 of the same document under the heading Disaster Risk Profile, the following is stated;
“The State of Punjab suffers mainly from two natural hazards, namely, flood and earthquakes, of which floods have quite a high frequency of occurrence, whereas earthquakes of M > 5.0 have a moderate frequency within and close to the boundary of the State. Theoretically risk is said to be the product of hazard and vulnerability of that region. In Disaster Management, risk is measured in terms of expected loss of human lives, loss of capital, property like agricultural land, roads, structures, livestock etc. Hazard is potentially a damaging physical event, phenomenon or human activity that may cause the loss of life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation…
… Vulnerability is the internal weakness of a system from external threats and in disaster perspective it is the
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conditions determined by physical, social, economic, and environmental factors or processes, which increase the susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazards…
… Punjab is vulnerable to 21 types of hazards out of 33 identified by the High Powered Committee (HPC) of Government of India into 5 sub-groups. In addition to hazards by HPC, state has high impact of Groundwater and Surface water Pollution, depletion of groundwater level and cancer epidemic which needs to be addressed as hazard…
… A major part of geographical area of the state is prone to floods although substantial part has been protected through flood control measures. Nevertheless, the protected area also faces risk, although in reduced magnitude, because of possibility of flood in case of failure of protection works…
… Amongst all the natural disasters afflicting the State, floods are the most frequent and devastating. Almost 80% of the annual rainfall is concentrated over a short monsoon period of 3 months In Punjab, damages due to floods are caused mainly by the river Ravi, Sutlej and Ghaggar, which have a common delta where floodwaters intermingle, and, when in spate simultaneously, wreaks considerable havoc. The problem is further accentuated when flood synchronises with high tide. The silt deposited constantly by these rivers in the delta area raises the bed levels and the riversoften overflow their banks or break through new channels causing heavy damages….”
In Section 21b the following is stated;
“The Water table is rising in South-western districts of the state due to limited or non-extraction of groundwater because of blackish/saline quality, which makes it unfit for domestic, irrigation and other purposes. This has caused water logging in some parts of this area. In the Nineteen Fifties, the sub-soil water level in the South Western districts, mainly in the Muktsar, Malout and Abohar tracts, was about 33 meters below ground level. After the construction of twin canals i.e.Rajasthan Canal feeder and Sirhind Canal feeder, in addition to Abohar Branch and Bikaner Canal, the sub-soil water level started rising at the rate of 0.2 metre to 1.0 metre annually. The area has
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.
witnesses a rise in water level upto 22 meter in the last 25 years”.
In Section 21c the following is stated
“State of Punjab includes lack of potable water for residents and crop failure due to lack of water for irrigation. Secondary impacts include damage to the agriculture and tourism sectors of the economy. Punjab experienced drought due to inadequate rain in Monsoon. The State was experienced drought in 1978, 1979, 1985, 1987, 2002 and 2004, both in rural and urban areas. In 1987, a major drought was experienced in the State but in 2002, the intensity of the drought has made the situation much more acute and has broken the back of the farming community. The State Government declared all the 17 districts in the State as drought affected. The primary causes of drought include low rainfall or inadequate snow pack the preceding winter. However, other factors may also contribute to drought conditions including land degradation and an increase in water demand. An increase in water demand may be a result of increased population or industry, but can also result from water used for fire fighting”.
We have seen in this and previous chapters how despite droughts, water levels have risen in Punjab. This further proves that despite a lack of rain the ground water levels have risen and therefore the replenishment of such reserves are not just an outcome of rain. More reading can be found via83 The Ministry of, Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation website. In this chapter we have been able to verify from the official sources listed how Punjab has always been a flood dependent area and quite clearly the water reserves over the years have been replenished by those floods. This is further proven by the soil samples which show the different regions of Punjab having residue of flooding. We have also been able to prove how the Indian Government has in place purposeful and powerful protocols to redirect flood waters to regions other than Punjab which otherwise would have done what it has traditionally done and replenished the ground water reserves.
Summary
83 http://wrmin.nic.in/forms/list.aspx?lid=388 60

 Punjab has been known in history for its rivers
 Punjab continues to be known as the bread basket of India
(wheat)
 Punjab has always been accustomed to flooding
 Much of the soil in Punjab has been left over by floods
 Most of the water reserves in Punjab has been brought
down from the Himalayas and via flooding
 Water from the Himalayas is now restricted by dams and
other controls
 Modern canals are directing masses of water to other
dessert communities which otherwise would being reaching
Punjab
 Droughts were experienced in previous years but drops in
water levels were not always recorded (more data required)
 Anti-flood measures also seem to be restricting the natural
replenishment of water reserves
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Chapter 7; Water Shortages
During the summer months of 201584, Delhi, the capital of India, saw the Indian government continue to fail in being unable to provide the population with the most basic of supplies – clean drinking water85. Large corporations were (unsurprisingly to some) at hand to sell to the local population their supply of bottled water, extracted from the very same land upon which the people who were forced to buy it were born on. This outraged many living in the city and some even took it upon themselves to meet the high demand by selling their own supplies at low prices. The government reportedly was not happy with this new trend of an average person selling life’s most vital supplies of sustaining life to his or her fellow human beings who needed the water to avoid dehydration and potentially death. The government publically encouraged people despite the dangers of dehydration, not to buy water from them. But how did the people arrive to this predicament?
Fuelled by the worldwide exodus from rural regions86 to urban locations87 due to unemployment, an increasing world population is cramming itself into already congested and poorly designed network of towns and cities (urbanisation88). This trend is taking place all around the world and the current shortage for safe drinking water in the cities is only getting worse and the authorities are doing nothing about it. The towns and cities were never designed to cope with this number of people living within their walls.
Humans in general have forgotten how to survive naturally and how to provide for themselves even the most basic of necessities without the assistance of governments and/or private corporations. As a consequence, humans are overly reliant on their governments and/or private businesses for their very survival and this is a very dangerous
84 http://www.dailymail.co.uk/indiahome/indianews/article- 3077319/Delhi-faces-acute-water-shortage-temperatures-rise.html
85 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-33671836 86
www.un.org/esa/population/migration/documents/EGM.Skeldon_
17.12.2013.pdf 87
http://www.prb.org/Publications/Articles/2007/UrbanPopToBecom eMajority.aspx
88 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbanization
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situation. Rural families and individuals who do decide to move to the city in order to look for work in false economies such as the service sector or tourism essentially gamble on their government and/or large private businesses to provide a certain level of survival and existence at an affordable price. This model never works in the long run, it never has and never will because of the greed and the habit of the ruling classes to fleece the masses. Eventually this type of model does and will turn into something even more dangerous – Socialism89.
A point to note here is that the Indian Constitution (amended) begins with the following paragraph;
“WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a 1[SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC] and to secure to all its citizens:”90
In the merriam-webster.com dictionary, the following definition for socialism is provided;
1: Any of various economic and political theories advocating collective or governmental ownership and administration of the means of production and distribution of goods
2 A: a system of society or group living in which there is no private property
B: a system or condition of society in which the means of production are owned and controlled by the state
3: A stage of society in Marxist theory transitional between capitalism and communism and distinguished by unequal distribution of goods and pay according to work done
89 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialism
90 https://india.gov.in/my-government/constitution- india/constitution-india-full-text
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Socialism is where government(s)91 operates for the benefit of private business92 (large corporations) and/or for governmental control but always against the interest of the people. Examples of socialism in stealth would be the many democratic nations on the planet today including Britain, who uses tax payers’ money to build low cost and reliable services such as the national train service93, electricity board94 and telephone grid and then sells each entire industry to private corporations and allow them to make massive profits by charging the people (who have already paid for the development of that industry through their tax) extortionate amounts of money. Not only do these governments (or individuals in them) commit crimes against their countrymen by selling these state assets to private ownership, but many also benefit financially from being silent directors from the very companies which benefit from their actions and If you think, a shortage of drinking water will never take exist in the west in countries like the UK, then think again. It is already a reality and is being purposely orchestrated for profit;
In the website Edie.net, the article entitled; ‘Trade union blames UK drought situation on reservoir closure95’ it reports the following;
“UK water supplier Thames Water has come under fire from trade union GMB for closing more than 20 reservoirs, which it argues is responsible for making drought in the south east worse.
According to GMB, the closure of 25 water reservoirs in the south east since privatisation in the 1980s has resulted in less than 1% of the UK’s rainfall being collected and stored for human consumption – instead the water runs directly into the sea.
It also argues that there is no shortage of water in the UK, but that the current south east drought is the result of
91 https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/socialism 92 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Socialist_Party
93 http://actionforrail.org/the-four-big-myths-of-uk-rail- privatisation/
94 https://www.lrb.co.uk/v34/n17/james-meek/how-we-happened- to-sell-off-our-electricity
95 https://www.edie.net/news/4/Trade-union-blames-UK-drought- situation-on-reservoir-closure/22371/
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“serious mismanagement” by Thames Water for failing to divert water in the region”
Other reports and articles echo the same information including the telegraph which stated in their report ‘Thames Water accused of ‘mismanagement’96 the following;
“The GMB union said that 25 reservoirs were sold off, on several occasions to developers, since the late 1980s.”
This type of behaviour is not just an alarming problem for the British people. Fox news of the U.S. in their article ‘’Man-made disaster’: Critics say California drought caused by misguided environment policies’97 reported following;
“In an average year, California gets enough snow and rain to put 200 million acres under a foot of water, but environmental opposition to dams over the last several decades has allowed the majority of the freshwater to flow into the ocean, even as the state’s population exploded to nearly 40 million people. The current drought has left farms parched and residents under strict water consumption orders, but some say it didn’t have to be that way.”
And
96
“The critics say California gets plenty of water to meet its needs, if it were only managed properly. More than half of California’s surface water flows from the Sierra Nevada Mountains in the east down to the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta in Northern California. Much of the mountain runoff is managed by two of the world’s largest water storage and transport systems – the federal Central Valley Project and California’s State Water Project. Each is a system of dams, reservoirs and distribution systems designed to send water to cities, towns and farms throughout the state”
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/drought/9236909/Thame s-Water-accused-of-mismanagement-by-closing-two-dozen- reservoirs.html
97 http://www.foxnews.com/us/2015/04/16/man-made-disaster- critics-say-california-drought-caused-by-misguided.html
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In the article by Mint Press News called ‘Nestle Continues Stealing World’s Water During Drought’, it was highlighted as follows;
“…City Hall has made this use of the water supply possible through a “corporate welfare giveaway,” according to a press advisory”.
And
“Coalition spokesperson Andy Conn said, “This corporate welfare giveaway is an outrage and warrants a major investigation. For more than five months we have requested data on Nestlé water use. City Hall has not complied with our request, or given any indication that it will. Sacramentans deserve to know how their money is being spent and what they’re getting for it. In this case, they’re getting ripped off.”
And
It would be prudent for those living in nations such as Britain and the U.S. and without access to a private water supply to prepare or seek an independent supply of clean water because the current system is clearly being chiselled into a scenario where water will be made to look scarce due to over-populating cities and towns and in order to survive, people will most likely be treated as cash cows and be forced to pay a premium upon premium to survive. Why else would the US Government have gone to the following measures as described in the article ‘The Great Water Grab98;
“Truth be told, the government has already GPS’d my well years ago, as they have every other private well in the United States. That’s right, the US government is locating every single privately owned well and is marking them through GPS coordinates. Some believe that meters will
98 http://www.newsfocus.org/water_grab.htm 66
“The coalition is protesting Nestlé’s virtually unlimited use of water – up to 80 million gallons a year drawn from local aquifers – while Sacramentans (like other Californians) who use a mere 7 to 10 percent of total water used in the State of California, have had severe restrictions and limitations forced upon them,” according to the coalition”

one day be applied, limiting the amount of water that can be accessed from your own personal well. If that is the case, will Pickens’ well and those of other water entrepreneurs be capped as well?”
A similar situation of privatisation is currently playing out in India with the authority and management of dams being handed to private companies to commandeer. Bhakra Management Board is the managing company of the Bhakra Dam which Wikipedia states99 the following about them;
“Bhakra Management Board (BMB) was constituted in 1966 for the administration, maintenance and operation of Bhakra Nangal Project from 1 October 1967. It manages the operation of both the dams. Its members are appointed by the government of India and by the states of Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi and Chandigarh. Bhakra Management Board was renamed Bhakra Beas Management Board (BBMB) on 15 May 1976 to also manage dams on river Beas. Since then the Bhakra Beas Management Board is engaged in the regulation of the supply of water and power from Bhakra Nangal Project and Beas Projects to the states of Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi and Chandigarh government…The Bhakra Beas Management Board regulates, operates and manages Bhakra Dam”
In the article ‘BBMB chairman service extension: After Punjab, Rajasthan lodges protest against Haryana’s move’ by Hindustani Times100 the following is stated;
Both Punjab and Rajasthan are worried about the drop in the level of Bhakra and Pong dams. Against 1,602 feet last year, the Bhakra reservoir has 1556-foot water at present. Its full capacity is 1,680 feet. Water released by the BBMB is the main source of irrigation in Punjab, while it is the lifeline of Rajasthan.
99 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhakra_Dam
100 http://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/bbmb-chairman- service-extension-after-punjab-rajasthan-lodges-protest-against- haryana-s-move/story-BGRp5iikb0h0nDmCj9W5HM.html
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In the Teri Energy Data Directory and Yearbook 2005/06 by The Energy and Resources Institute the following is stated;
“BBMB (Bhakra Beas Management Board) is responsible for administration, operation, and maintenance of BHakra- Nangal Project, Beas Project, Unit-I (Beas-Satluj Project), and Beas Project Unit-II (Pong Dam). It provides engineering and related technical consultancy services in various fields of hydroelectric power projects. It is also engaged in the construction of hydel projects at Thablan, Saunda, and Chanarthal on BML (Bhakra main line) with an aggregate capacity of 19 MW.”
Now it may seem that the BBMB is just an agency created by the Indian Government to carry our certain duties on their behalf but we must ask why such a separate entity is needed at all? When we look into similar set-ups around the world and some of which are historical, we come across a number similar patterns including the creation of Damodar Valley Corporation, a company to controls dams in other parts of India. The financial news portal Bloomberg101 states the following about this private corporation;
Damodar Valley Corporation hopes of resolving its finances. Burdened with a huge idle capacity, a legacy of unthinking addition programmes, DVC firmed up a plan to hive off a 1,200 MW coal-fired project to the 26:74 joint venture with NLC India Limited.
Damodar Valley Corporation’s own website states the following about its history102;
“DVC emerged as a culmination of attempts made over a whole century to control the wild and erratic Damodar River. The valley has been ravaged frequently by floods at varying intensities. Serious floods occurred in 1730, 1823, 1848, 1856, 1882, 1898, 1901, 1916, 1923, 1935 & 1943.The river spans over an area of 25,000 sq. kms covering the states of Bihar (now Jharkhand) & West Bengal.
101
https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.as p?privcapId=22136037
102 http://www.dvc.gov.in/dvcwebsite_new1/overview/
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The catastrophe caused by the1943 flood, led to serious public indignation against the Government. As a result, the Government of Bengal appointed a board of Enquiry titled “Damodar Flood Enquiry Committee” with the Maharaja of Burdwan and the noted physicist Dr. Meghnad Saha as members for suggesting remedial measures.
The Damodar Flood Enquiry Committee suggested creation of an authority similar to the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) in the USA, and recommended the construction of dams and storage reservoirs at the sites with a total capacity of 1.5 millions acre ft. (1.850 millions cu. M) and highlighted the possibilities of multipurpose development in the valley area. The Govt. of India then commissioned the ‘Central Technical Power Board’ to study the proposal and appointed Mr. W L Voorduin, a senior engineer of the TVA to study the problem at the Damodar and to make his recommendation for comprehensive development of the valley. Accordingly in August, 1944 Mr. Voorduin submitted his ‘Preliminary Memorandum on the unified Development of the Damodar River.’
Mr. Voorduin’s “Preliminary Memorandum” suggested a multipurpose development plan designed for achieving flood control, irrigation, power generation and navigation in the Damodar Valley. Four consultants appointed by the Government of India examined it. They also approved the main technical features of Voorduin’s scheme and recommended early initiation of construction beginning with Tilaiya to be followed by Maithon.
By April 1947, full agreement was practically reached between the three Governments of Central, West Bengal and Bihar on the implementation of the scheme and in March 1948, the Damodar Valley Corporation Act (Act No. XIV of 1948) was passed by the Central Legislature, requiring the three Governments, The Central Government and the State Governments of West Bengal and Bihar (now Jharkhand) to participate jointly for the purpose of building the Damodar Valley Corporation.
The Corporation came into existence on 7th July, 1948 as the first multipurpose river valley project of independent India.”
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And
“OUR MAJOR CONSUMERS
 Madhya Pradesh
 Punjab
 Haryana
 Jharkhand
 West Bengal
 Indian Railways
 SAIL
 Coal India Limited
 Tata Steel
 Jindal Steel
 Delhi Discoms”
First and foremost, only a private company (whether in profit or not) with private interests and non-governmental objectives can be called a corporation and as we can see, this title is applies to Damodar Valley Corporation. Furthermore, in their own words, their “consumers’ include both political states within India (and therefore people, businesses and governmental offices within) and other private corporations. This further illustrates that this is indeed an organisation looking to benefit through its actions by supplying important resources in a commercial aspect and not by merely provided an essential supply to the people of a certain geographical area under an act of parliament as is suggested by its own website.
It would seem that we are seeing the same process which we have previously seen in the U.K where the government has used tax payers’ funds to develop an important industry to then sell the whole operational management and/or industry to private companies to profit from. Whether board member are appointed by the government or are in their seat due to the ownership of company shares, the objectives of corporations is to make profit and private businesses operating with government approval can only be regarded as socialism or communism, both of which are different branches of the same tree and is never in the national or peoples interest despite any twisted rhetoric.
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Chapter 8; The contamination of Punjab’s water (by Corporations)
Ground Water Quality Problems
Contaminants Districts affected (in part)
Salinity (EC > 3000 μS/cm at 25 ° Firozepur, Faridkot, Bhathinda, C) Mansa, Muktsar, Sangrur
Chloride (> 1000 mg/l) Firozepur, Muktsar
Fluoride (>1.5 mg/l)
Amritsar, Bhatinda, Faridkot, fatehgarh Sahib, Firozepur, Gurdaspur, Mansa, Moga, Muktsar, Patiala, Sangrur
Iron (>1.0 mg/l)
Bhathinda, Faridkot, Fatehgarh Sahib, Firozepur, Gurdaspur, Hoshiarpur, Mansa, Rupnagar, Sangrur
Nitrate (>45 mg/l)
Bhathinda, Faridkot, Fatehgarh Sahib, Firozepur, Gurdaspur, Hoshiarpur, Jalandhar, Kapurthala, Ludhiana, Mansa, Moga, Muktsar, Nawan Shaher, Patiala, Rupnagar, Sangrur
Fig. 7
The above contaminations have been found in the ground water supplies in Punjab. Let us have a look at the origins and dangers of these contaminations according to the information about potable water and containments on the CGWB103 website
Fluoride: The following is taken from the website Fluoride Alert104
Fluoride has long been known to be a very toxic substance. This is why, like arsenic, fluoride has been used in pesticides and rodenticides (to kill rats, insects, etc.). It is also why the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) now requires that all fluoride toothpaste sold in the U.S. carry a poison warning that instructs users to contact the poison control centre if they swallow more than used for brushing.
103 http://cgwb.gov.in/gw_profiles/st_Punjab.htm 104 http://fluoridealert.org/faq/
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Excessive fluoride exposure is well known to cause a painful bone disease (skeletal fluorosis), as well as a discoloration of the teeth known as dental fluorosis. Excessive fluoride exposure has also been linked to a range of other chronic ailments including arthritis, bone fragility, dental fluorosis, glucose intolerance, gastrointestinal distress, thyroid disease, and possibly cardiovascular disease and certain types of cancer.
While the lowest doses that cause some of these effects are not yet well defined, it is clear that certain subsets of the population are particularly vulnerable to fluoride’s toxicity. Populations that have heightened susceptibility to fluoride include infants, individuals with kidney disease, individuals with nutrient deficiencies (particularly calcium and iodine), and individuals with medical conditions that cause excessive thirst.
If like me you are wondering why governments are adding this dangerous chemical to drinking water then you may want to research how Nazi prison camps made inmates docile by giving them fluoride. Fluoride is also used as a pesticide and sprayed on crops to kill inspects. This may indicate how much of the ground water in Punjab, which is mostly a agricultural region has become contaminated and also further proves that much of the water being used for farming is finding its way back down to the below ground reserves.
Salinity: The following quote is from the website which seems to be sponsored by US Environmental Protection Agency105
Salinity is the measure of all the salts dissolved in water. Salinity is usually measured in parts per thousand (ppt or ). The average ocean salinity is 35ppt and the average river water salinity is 0.5ppt or less. This means that in every kilogram (1000 grams) of seawater, 35 grams are salt. Because the water in estuaries is a mix of fresh water and ocean water, the salinity in most estuaries is less than the open ocean. Bottom water almost always contains more salt than surface waters.
105
http://omp.gso.uri.edu/ompweb/doee/science/physical/chsal1.ht m
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The presence of Salinity may verify that the ground water has been replenished previously and naturally by the flooding of rivers which flow through the State of Punjab.
Chloride: Wikipedia states the following about this element106.
The chloride ion is the anion (negatively charged ion) Cl−. It is formed when the element chlorine (a halogen) gains an electron or when a compound such as hydrogen chloride is dissolved in water or other polar solvents. Chloride salts such as sodium chloride are often very soluble in water.[4] It is an essential electrolyte located in all body fluids responsible for maintaining acid/base balance, transmitting nerve impulses and regulating fluid in and out of cells. Less frequently, the word chloride may also form part of the “common” name of chemical compounds in which one or more chlorine atoms are covalently bonded. For example, methyl chloride, with the standard name chloromethane (see IUPAC books) is an organic compound with a covalent C−Cl bond in which the chlorine is not an anion.
Iron: Wikipedia states the following about this element107;
‘Iron is a chemical element with symbol Fe (from Latin: ferrum) and atomic number 26. It is a metal in the first transition series. It is by mass the most common element on Earth, forming much of Earth’s outer and inner core. It is the fourth most common element in the Earth’s crust. Its abundance in rocky planets like Earth is due to its abundant production…’
And
Humans require water with few impurities. Common impurities include metal salts and oxides, including copper, iron, calcium and lead,[94] and/or harmful bacteria, such as Vibrio108.
106 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride 107 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron
108 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water
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The website Idaho Water Solutions has the following to say about how iron enters into water and its harmful impact109;
Iron has two means of infiltrating well water: seepage and corrosion.
Seepage: Water in the form of rain or melted snow travels from the ground’s surface and through the soil to become part of a water supply. If the soil contains iron, the iron can dissolve into the wandering water and travel with it. Consider excessive amounts of tag-along iron as unwelcome extra baggage accumulated on water’s journey.
Corrosion: Exposure to a combination of water and oxygen causes iron to deteriorate; the casings and pipes of a well water supply have a passing acquaintance with both factors. If the casings and pipes contain iron, the acquaintance leads to this deterioration. Rust, the natural by-product of iron corrosion, flakes off the well’s components and into the water traveling from the well to our taps.
And
The Environmental Protection Agency considers iron in well water as a secondary contaminant, which means it does not have a direct impact on health. The Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level set out by the EPA is 0.3 milligrams per liter, but this is merely a guideline and not a federal standard. Typically around 15 mg/L, Idaho’s well water does contain quite high amounts of iron, but the level is still not enough to cause physical harm.
As we can see from fig X that the measure is 1mg so any harmful effects are minimal.
Nitrate: Wikipedia states the following about this element110;
109 http://idahowatersolutions.com/water-problems-solutions/iron- in-water-is-it-harmful/
110 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrate
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Almost all inorganic nitrate salts are soluble in water at standard temperature and pressure. A common example of an inorganic nitrate salt is potassium nitrate (saltpeter).
And
And
Nitrates are mainly produced for use as fertilizers in agriculture because of their high solubility and biodegradability. The main nitrate fertilizers are ammonium, sodium, potassium, and calcium salts. Several million kilograms are produced annually for this purpose.
Humans are subject to nitrate toxicity, with infants being especially vulnerable to methemoglobinemia due to nitrate metabolizing triglycerides present at higher concentrations than at other stages of development. Methemoglobinemia in infants is known as blue baby syndrome. Although nitrates in drinking water were once thought to be a contributing factor, there are now significant scientific doubts as to whether there is a causal link.
And
The website hosted by the California Environmental Health Tracking Program111 states the following;
Nationally, nitrate has been regulated since 1977. In California, the regulation became effective in 1994. The MCL for nitrate has been set at 10 mg/L. Currently, there are three equivalent MCLs for nitrate: nitrate measured as nitrogen at 10 mg/L; nitrite measured as nitrogen at 1 mg/L;
111
http://cehtp.org/faq/drinking_water/drinking_water_contaminants _nitrate#_faq_3
The use of nitrates in food preservation is controversial. This is due to the potential for the formation of nitrosamines when nitrates are present in high concentrations and the product is cooked at high temperatures. The effect is seen for red or processed meat.
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and total nitrate/nitrite measured as nitrogen at 10 mg/L. In California, nitrate is measured as NO3 and its MCL is 45 mg/L (which is equal to 10 mg/L measured as nitrogen). Sampling requirements for nitrates vary among various water systems.
Routine required monitoring is annual for surface water, once every three years for ground water, or quarterly if a sample exceeds half the MCL. Nitrate is monitored once a year during the quarter which previously had the highest nitrate result. If a water system’s samples are less than 0.5 mg/L nitrite, the State specifies the frequency of additional monitoring. Initially a water system samples quarterly for at least a year.
Though some jurisdictions state that nitrate content can be as high as >45 mg/l, it seems a little unbelievable or it’s a hell of a coincidence that the count in Punjab (fig X) is exactly that. More importantly, it is highly likely that it is the nitrates in chemicals sprayed on crops which are to blame for the count.
In the website called PSEP y Cornell University 112 the following is stated;
Nitrate in drinking water is measured either in terms of the amount of nitrogen present or in terms of both nitrogen and oxygen. The federal standard for nitrate in drinking water is 10 milligrams per liter (10 mg/l) nitrate-N, or 45 mg/l nitrate- NO3. when the oxygen is measured as well as the nitrogen. Unless otherwise specified, nitrate levels usually refer only to the amount of nitrogen present, and the usual standard, therefore, is 10 mg/l.
Short-term exposure to drinking water with a nitrate level at or just above the health standard of 10 mg/l nitrate-N is a potential health problem primarily for infants. Babies consume large quantities of water relative to their body weight, especially if water is used to mix powdered or concentrated formulas or juices. Also, their immature digestive systems are more likely than adult digestive tracts to allow the reduction of nitrate to nitrite. In particular, the
112 http://psep.cce.cornell.edu/facts-slides-self/facts/nit-heef- grw85.aspx
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presence of nitrite in the digestive tract of newborns can lead to a disease called methemoglobinemia.
It is important to note that in my research there are many of the ‘sponsored’ research projects which concluded in their attempt in trying to naturalise the contamination of nitrate in food (and fluoride in water) by stating these dangerous chemicals are safe. Private interest groups sponsor allot of these research projects while bodies such as national water boards stating there is no or little danger from this very lethal chemical while being directed to add such poisons through legal statutes by the local government to water.
In an article by Wikipedia, the following is stated about Pesticides113;
Pesticide use raises a number of environmental concerns. Over 98% of sprayed insecticides and 95% of herbicides reach a destination other than their target species, including non-target species, air, water and soil.[38] Pesticide drift occurs when pesticides suspended in the air as particles are carried by wind to other areas, potentially contaminating them. Pesticides are one of the causes of water pollution, and some pesticides are persistent organic pollutants and contribute to soil contamination.
On the website National Pesticide Information Centre (npic) the flowing is stated about Iron being added to pesticides;114
“Iron and phosphate are found in the environment, foods, and water. When combined and formulated, the granules can kill slugs and snails when eaten. Iron phosphate is Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) by the Food & Drug Administration (FDA). However, if any animal eats too much iron, it can cause stomach upset and other problems. After application, iron and phosphate tends to stay put, sticking to soil particles.”
On the website National Organic Association115 the following is stated about fluoride in pesticides;
113 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesticide#Environmental_effect 114 http://npic.orst.edu/ingred/ironphosphate.html
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“Fluoride is a persistent and non-degradable poison that accumulates in soil, plants, wildlife, and humans. Many organic farmers may be unaware that this highly toxic substance has been allowed for use in the NOS, because its presence is hidden. However, it is there:
– As Sodium Fluoride tucked away in the US EPA List 4 Inerts (“Inerts which have sufficient data to substantiate they can be used safely in pesticide products, according to EPA.”), which are allowed for use in the NOS.
– In Bone Meal (which can contain 1000 ppm – or more- fluoride), also included in US EPA List 4 Inerts (“Inerts generally regarded as safe, i.e., corn cobs and cookie crumbs,” according to EPA).
To call sodium fluoride an “inert” is Orwellian and defies one of the NOS’s stated principles: producers shall not use “natural poisons such as arsenic or lead salts that have long-term effects and persist in the environment.” Fluoride is clearly in this category. Sadly, the use of fluoride in organic farming could undermine the public’s confidence and safety in organic food – both here and abroad. This will become more obvious as the movement against fluoridation of public water picks up momentum worldwide. As it does more and more people will be asking questions about fluoride levels in their food. Unlike the List of Inerts, fluoride levels in organic food cannot be hidden.”
Now when we cast our minds back to the NASA Report which referred to potable (drinkable) water levels falling in Punjab, we can now see why and how that has come about because even though large quantities of the water extracted from the ground for the purpose of watering crops by the farmers in Punjab may be finding its way back into the ground, it is because of the dangerous chemicals contained in herbicides and pesticides sprayed onto the crop by farmers sold to them by the likes of Monsanto, is taken below ground by the water which then becomes contaminated and when at a later stage it is extracted again but for drinking purposes then that water is good as poison for any human being or animal and very cancerous. The health implication have been noted as a major threat
115 https://www.organicconsumers.org/old_articles/toxic/flouride.php
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by the Indian Government in their protocols discussed in the previous pages but more notably they have not acted on preventing the dangers nd the root cause.
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Chapter 9; Maximising profit by suppressing supply
We shall now look at how false industries can be created through the manipulation of supply and demand. The most prestigious of such attempts is the diamond industry. In the article ‘How an Ad Campaign Invented the Diamond Engagement Ring’ by The Atlantic116) it is stated;
“The British businessmen operating the South African mines recognized that only by maintaining the fiction that diamonds were scarce and inherently valuable could they protect their investments and buoy diamond prices. They did so by launching a South Africa–based cartel, De Beers Consolidated Mines, Ltd. (now De Beers), in 1888, and meticulously extending the company’s control over all facets of the diamond trade in the ensuing decades”.
And
“Most remarkably, De Beers manipulated not just supply but demand. In 1938, amid the ravages of the Depression and the rumblings of war, Harry Oppenheimer, the De Beers founder’s son, recruited the New York–based ad agency N.W. Ayer to burnish the image of diamonds in the United States, where the practice of giving diamond engagement rings had been unevenly gaining traction for years, but where the diamonds sold were increasingly small and low- quality”.
In an article by Peter Fuhrman for Fortune117) the following was stated;
“Diamonds are collected off the beach like seashells”
From my research it would seem diamonds are not as rare as we have been led to believe. And if it is possible to fool the world with something like a transparent piece of rock then why not water? (More
116
https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2015/02/how- an-ad-campaign-invented-the-diamond-engagement-ring/385376/ 117 http://fortune.com/2016/10/26/de-beers-diamonds-forbidden- area/
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information about the diamond industry can be found on SCI News118)
How does this relate to water?
Here is something that children are not taught at school or is ever discussed in newspapers or science journals in the west. There is evidence available which suggests both oil and water may be far more plentiful than the climate and water dictators want us to believe. We are taught in schools to believe that oil (and now water) is a limited resource. They tell us that oil is created biotically from the decay of plant and animal matter over time and that oil reserves are being used up increasingly. The conclusion provided is that at some point we will be required to find an alternative to oil. This same template of scaring the masses is now being used in the world of fresh drinkable water. Climate change and over-population dictators/activists are stating water supplies are not only limited but will soon run dry. But will they really?
There is an alternative view in the world which is never discussed in the west about the quantities and levels of oil and water available. This alternative theory is very different to the ‘primary water’ theory we are asked to believe as fact. This view tells us that whoever designed the planet (if indeed such a being exits) did so with a higher intelligence because supplies of oil and water could very well be infinite. The theory of abiotic oil is commonly discussed in countries such as Russia and Ukraine. They believe that oil does not require living matter to be created as in the fossil fuel theory but is instead formed from raw materials located deep beneath the earth’s crust. The process combines carbon dioxide with hydrogen, methane and water. In other words, oil is not actually limited or certainly as much as we are expected to believe (if the abiotic oil theory is true) and therefore the entire concept of “peak oil” is a farce and a lie designed to artificially constrain the supply of crude oil for profit.
The primary water theory believes that fresh water is available in vast quantities deep beneath the Earth’s surface. Scientific American119 states;
118 http://www.sci-news.com/geology/science-diamonds-more- common-than-thought-03409.html
119 https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/rare-diamond- confirms-that-earths-mantle-holds-an-oceans-worth-of-water/
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“It translates into a very, very large mass of water, approaching the sort of mass of water that’s present in all the world’s ocean”
If this primary water theory is true, then that will mean any reported water shortage is a myth and purposely created to deceive humanity. With some appropriate drilling, people everywhere can access the unlimited supply of fresh and mineral-rich water. In fact, the Global Resource Alliance have already created boreholes in Africa for natives to access primary water that is free of harmful microbes, parasites and other contaminants. Further reading and research is available from; DecodedScience.com, ScientificAmerican.com, CSUN.edu, and PrimaryWaterInstitute.org.
It is important to note that throughout history, the biggest and gravest crimes are always committed by governments / authorities (and those who blindly serving them (including paid workers)) and these governments and/or authorities tend to be (though not always) controlled by individuals and organisations who control the politicians making up the government or authority which commit the crimes by either giving them benefits and/or money (i.e. corruption via lobbying), blackmailing them or via membership of a underground shadow organisation such as a masonic freemasons lodge.
Let’s take World War II for example; certain European banks financed both sides of the war120, the two sides were the Nazi’s and the Allied forces. Ford Motors121, Nestle122, Ikea123 are just a few of the organisations which either donated large amounts of cash to the Nazi’s or supplied material, technology and/or services to them. And this war is not the only example. Saddam124 Hussein125 was reportedly placed in power by the US Government, only to be later declared their enemy and Iraq was invaded twice. Al Qaeda was
120 http://www.washingtonsblog.com/2014/04/wars-bankers- wars.html
121 http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp- srv/national/daily/nov98/nazicars30.htm
122 http://www.whale.to/b/nestle.html
123 http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/world-war- two/8720214/IKEA-founder-was-Nazi-recruiter.html
124 https://www.globalpolicy.org/iraq-conflict-the-historical- background-/us-and-british-support-for-huss-regime.html
125 http://foreignpolicy.com/2013/08/26/exclusive-cia-files-prove- america-helped-saddam-as-he-gassed-iran/
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reportedly created126 in the 1970’s by the western governments127 to fight128 occupying Russian forces. Even recently, the US Government were caught dropping weapons to the Muslim Brotherhood129 a terrorist organisation, having been previously referred to them as Syrian Freedom Fighters only to be later regarded as an enemy of democracy and freedom. The point to all this is that some of these authorities seem to be causing all the problems we face, in order to use the problems they created to place an even tightening noose around the necks of the innocent and often politically ignorant public. We should all be aware that our elected officials may well in fact be working against us and most likely in direct conflict to all laws and moral obligations off the people they are supposed to be serving.
Summary
 Indications that the Indian Government may be flirting with Socialism
 The UK has previously developed industries with tax only to give it away to private businesses
 India seems to be following a similar route as the UK in terms of privatisation of its dams
 Damodar Valley Corporation admits supplying services for profit to the State of Punjab
 Existing ground water has been contaminated the agricultural pesticides and herbicides and other chemicals
 Limiting supply to increase demand is a previously perfected strategy by the diamond industry
 The primary water theory has already been proven and is unlimited in clean water
 Potable (drinking water) contaminations seems to be from the pesticides
 The model of socialist privatisation used in the UK in the 1980’s seems to have been readied in India
126 https://www.prisonplanet.com/al-qaeda-100-pentagon-run- 2.html
127 http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/09/19/how-the-us-helped- create-al-qaeda-and-isis/
128 http://www.washingtonsblog.com/2012/09/sleeping-with-the- devil-how-u-s-and-saudi-backing-of-al-qaeda-led-to-911.html
129 http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/dec/6/muslim- brotherhood-inherits-us-war-gear/
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 Just like it is being done in the US, water is being misdirected to outer regions however, water shortage reports are not including any such factors as being part of the problem.
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Chapter 10; The Slow Death Of Rural Communities
Rural India accounts for 70% of India’s population and for 50% of its GDP130. The World Bank has calculated131 that by 2050 India will become the most populated country in the world. This of course is good news for farmers in India and other investors in the agricultural field because higher demand for any produce means higher prices and consequently larger profits. Healthy birth rates are not the only reason why the family orientated Indian population is growing and increasing food demand. The migration from rural to urban living has seen families sell their arable land and move to the city in search of a new life. But this migration trend is not only taking place in India, it is a worldwide phenomenon.
Migration of rural populations moving into towns and cities coupled with a growth of birth rates amongst the poorer communities (poverty has always resulted in higher birth rates and wealth has resulted in the opposite), has created a distorted view regarding the overcrowding of towns and cities and is being reported as being the consequence of the ‘world’ being over-populated. This is not true!
This disproportionate and distorted view is using the over crowdedness in town and cities to deflect the real cause of the sudden change in living demographics worldwide. Towns and cities were not developed with the correct foresight in terms of population growth or the effects of globalisation i.e. big corporations destroying many rural jobs and businesses and those affected by globalisation are forced to seek employment in towns and cities. In fact, governments also prefer their population to be residing in urban areas as they are easier to control and tax. India’s Prime Minster Narendra Modi has openly stated his policies are tuned to encourage and push these exact movements; Live Mint132 and Financial Times133 have both reported on his policy of pushing urban Indians towards moving to cities. It is not by coincidence that as India’s population increasingly moves to the cities that the government is
130 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-35101503
131 http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/Population-ranking-
table 132
http://www.livemint.com/Politics/w16va348q1gkzPvSOenxFI/India- investors-trade-farms-for-cities-on-Modis-urban-push.html
133 https://www.ft.com/content/950a3f1c-ef47-11e5-9f20- c3a047354386
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bringing in ever increasing taxes – a meal in McDonalds carries a tax burden of nearly 40% alone.
In 2009, the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre published a map in the World Bank’s World Development report, showing that 95% of the world’s population is concentrated in just 10% of the land surface; if true then the world cannot be over- populated. And if countries like India are overpopulated and with no land to develop further on then they are they in the midst of creating 100 new cities (smart cities) on thousands of acres of land per city and China would not be planning to create a Super city which will be home to 42 million people (having already built a number of cities and towns which are currently standing empty). The truth is that large cities with large populations provide more control and taxes to the government on both a local and national level. A population which is independent and without the need of its government is uncontrollable and unprofitable in comparison to a dependent and uninformed population.
It is important to understand the false perception we are being told about over-population. For a population to increase, each husband and wife needs to have at least three children. If they do not, the population shall actually decrease if they have one child or stays stagnant if each couple has two children. In the UK for example, the average couple has on average a single child (1.4 to be statistically exact). This means the traditional British family is becoming instinct. But a lack of children is not a problem with just the British. The same is contributing to drop in all western populations including the US and Italy. The drop in birth rates is so alarming that it has been forecasted in countries like Italy that their traditional family genetic type shall be close to extinction in just two or three generations134.
Families in poorer communities have always had more children per family than their richer counterparts in the developed world. Even working class families in developed countries have a larger family size than their middle class countrymen. That is why poorer countries like India and Nepal enjoy a healthy birth rate while their western equivalents require a regular influx of immigrants into their country to
134
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/italy/11411 907/Italy-is-a-dying-country-as-babies-no-longer-replace-people- who-die-says-health-minister.html
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help keep their economy ticking over, jobs filled and wages low – be it to the detriment of the of the working class and their culture.
It is also important to point out that the Indian government (partly under the advice of the British Government) massacred and killed around 50,000 of Punjabis in the 1980’s (mostly male). The historical mistreatment of the Sikh community who reside in the State of Punjab and the then current separatist movement for an independent religious state fuelled the conflict and it was the normal people of Punjab who paid with their lives. The consequences of killing so many young males resulted in a lack of marriages and births and now a deteriorating traditional Punjabi population is emerging as a consequence. In addition to this, the surviving Sikh Punjabi population have left India in their masses and migrated to countries such as England, USA, Canada and many others. Any current growth in population numbers in the state is not due to just an increase of number of births within traditional Punjabi family, the increase is due to mass migration from neighbouring and poorer states such as Utter Pradesh and Bihar and some fewer numbers from Rajasthan and Gujarat. The majority of these migration masses are workers which work and dwell in the cities and therefore make the already ridiculously poor state of resources such as electricity and water in an even rarer state. Furthermore, since any government provided water supply is as clean and healthy as a contaminated sewer, residents look rely on other options such as extractions from ground water using hand pumps or shallow tube wells for drinking water.
United Nations Agenda 21
If you have not yet spotted general yet significant collaborations by governments worldwide during your travels and holidays then let us now have a look at some of the leading examples and commentary on this subject.
What if world leaders are secretly working towards an hidden agenda which they are hiding in plain sight but the evidence of them doing so is all around us? The website Endagenda21135 provides detailed information on the evidence of a worldwide collaboration and describes the treaty named Agenda 21 as follows;
135 http://www.endagenda21.com/ 87

“It is the blueprint, it is the action plan, to inventory and control all land, all water, all plants, all minerals, all construction, all animals, all means of production, all energy, all information and all the human beings in the world. It is a completely comprehensive plan, it’s global and it’s implemented locally… It is in every single town all across the United States and across the world.”
The Guardian Newspaper states the following;
“…as a treaty which was signed by world leaders in which
they voluntarily opted in their countries to enforce a list of protocols136”.
The world’s leading independent news portal Infowars.com describes the treaty as being
“…signed in 1992 by multiple nations, including India, UK and the US, the United Nations Agenda 21 is a Sustainable Development program and urban planning “action plan” which calls for governments to eventually take control of all land use without leaving any decision making in the hands of private property owners”
Measures being implemented by these nations include;
 The closure of rural land for public use and the erosion of rural property ownership.
 The development of “multi-use” condos/apartments with facilities such as with the ground floor / first floor designated for businesses catering to the tenants above. Encouraging tenants to remain close to home.
 The purposeful lack of easy roads in cities which encourage residents never venture far from their neighbourhoods
 The construction of expensive and inefficient public transport systems in cities in order to increase government control while also reducing – and even outright banning – the use of private transportation such as cars
136 https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable- business/2015/jun/24/agenda-21-conspiracy-theory-sustainability
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 The accelerated implementation of toll roads that discourage driving private cars by increasing prices for traveling alone or for driving in “congested” areas
 Utilities monitored by “Smart Meters” which can be controlled – and shut off – remotely by public utility companies
“While Agenda 21 proponents constantly suggest that the program is simply “voluntary,” this is a moot point when so many cities (around the world) are already implementing Agenda 21 which clearly benefits the government at the expense of its citizens”.
Going through the list above, it is evident that every single aspect of the agenda is cropping up in all nations who are subject to the agreement. No person living in the developed or developing world can deny that Agenda 21 is not being implemented in their home country and by their leaders without public opinion or consent. The implementation of Agenda 21 is clearly not being pushed upon the population by force, but by covert sanctions and policies strategically placed to push the masses down pre-planned avenues.
For example, in accordance to the clause ‘The development of “multi- use” condos/apartments with facilities such as with the ground floor / first floor designated for businesses catering to the tenants above, apartment are springing up everywhere all being fiited with smart metres. Encouraging tenants to remain close to home’; the UK government has ensured via legislation and control of local councils that planning permission is given openly and easily to developers who are planning to construct multiple storey apartment buildings and at the same time largely refusing the same freedom to individual families wanting to build a single dwelling properties (in breach of common law). By refusing permission to build single dwellings in the countryside, the UK government has by extension also implemented the clause ‘The closure of rural land for public use and the erosion of rural property ownership’. In fact, if anybody was to search the news in their home country, they would be able to find large quantities of evidence on how their government has been applying such policies to covertly implement Agenda 21.
United Nations 2030 Agenda
The 2030 Agenda is a similar treaty to Agenda 21 but goes a step further. It is referred to as a corporate-government fascist agenda
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which makes any previous attempt of mass enslavement as weak and feeble.
The following is a break down and analysis of Agenda 2030 from by the world leading website Naturalnews.com137.
137
Goal 1) End poverty in all its forms everywhere
Translation: Put everyone on government welfare, food stamps, housing subsidies and hand-outs that make them obedient slaves to global government. Never allow people upward mobility to help themselves. Instead, teach mass victimization and obedience to a government that provides monthly “allowance” money for basic essentials like food and medicine. Label it “ending poverty.”
Goal 2) End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture
Translation: Invade the entire planet with GMOs and Monsanto’s patented seeds while increasing the use of deadly herbicides under the false claim of “increased output” of food crops. Engineer genetically modified plants to boost specific vitamin chemicals while having no idea of the long-term consequences of genetic pollution or cross- species genetic experiments carried out openly in a fragile ecosystem.
Goal 3) Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
Translation: Mandate 100+ vaccines for all children and adults at gunpoint, threatening parents with arrest and imprisonment if they refuse to cooperate. Push heavy medication use on children and teens while rolling out “screening” programs. Call mass medication “prevention” programs and claim they improve the health of citizens.
http://www.naturalnews.com/051058_2030_Agenda_United_Nations _global_enslavement.html
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Goal 4) Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all
Translation: Push a false history and a dumbed-down education under “Common Core” education standards that produce obedient workers rather than independent thinkers. Never let people learn real history, or else they might realize they don’t want to repeat it.
Goal 5) Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
Translation: Criminalize Christianity, marginalize heterosexuality, demonize males and promote the LGBT agenda everywhere. The real goal is never “equality” but rather the marginalization and shaming of anyone who expresses any male characteristics whatsoever. The ultimate goal is to feminize society, creating widespread acceptance of “gentle obedience” along with the self- weakening ideas of communal property and “sharing” everything. Because only male energy has the strength to rise up against oppression and fight for human rights, the suppression of male energy is key to keeping the population in a state of eternal acquiescence.
Goal 6) Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
Translation: Allow powerful corporations to seize control of the world’s water supplies and charge monopoly prices to “build new water delivery infrastructure” that “ensures availability.”
Goal 7) Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all
Translation: Penalize coal, gas and oil while pushing doomed-to-fail “green” energy subsidies to brain-dead start- ups headed by friends of the White House who all go bankrupt in five years or less. The green startups make for
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impressive speeches and media coverage, but because these companies are led by corrupt idiots rather than capable entrepreneurs, they always go broke. (And the media hopes you don’t remember all the fanfare surrounding their original launch.)
Goal 8) Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all
Translation: Regulate small business out of existence with government-mandated minimum wages that bankrupt entire sectors of the economy. Force employers to meet hiring quotas of LGBT workers while mandating wage tiers under a centrally planned work economy dictated by the government. Destroy free market economics and deny permits and licenses to those companies that don’t obey government dictates.
Goal 9) Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation
Translation: Put nations into extreme debt with the World Bank, spending debt money to hire corrupt American corporations to build large-scale infrastructure projects that trap developing nations in an endless spiral of debt. See the book Confessions of an Economic Hit Man by John Perkins to understand the details of how this scheme has been repeated countless times over the last several decades.
Goal 10) Reduce inequality within and among countries
Translation: Punish the rich, the entrepreneurs and the innovators, confiscating nearly all gains by those who choose to work and excel. Redistribute the confiscated wealth to the masses of non-working human parasites that feed off a productive economy while contributing nothing to it… all while screaming about “equality!”
Goal 11) Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
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Translation: Ban all gun ownership by private citizens, concentrating guns into the hands of obedient government enforcers who rule over an unarmed, enslaved class of impoverished workers. Criminalize living in most rural areas by instituting Hunger Games-style “protected areas” which the government will claim are owned by “the People” even though no people are allowed to live there. Force all humans into densely packed, tightly controlled cities where they are under 24/7 surveillance and subject to easy manipulation by government.
Goal 12) Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
Translation: Begin levying punitive taxes on the consumption of fossil fuels and electricity, forcing people to live under conditions of worsening standards of living that increasingly resemble Third World conditions. Use social influence campaigns in TV, movies and social media to shame people who use gasoline, water or electricity, establishing a social construct of ninnies and tattlers who rat out their neighbours in exchange for food credit rewards.
Goal 13) Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts
Translation: Set energy consumption quotas on each human being and start punishing or even criminalizing “lifestyle decisions” that exceed energy usage limits set by governments. Institute total surveillance of individuals in order to track and calculate their energy consumption. Penalize private vehicle ownership and force the masses onto public transit, where TSA grunts and facial recognition cameras can monitor and record the movement of every person in society, like a scene ripped right out of Minority Report.
Goal 14) Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development
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Translation: Ban most ocean fishing, plunging the food supply into an extreme shortage and causing runaway food price inflation that puts even more people into economic desperation. Criminalize the operation of private fishing vessels and place all ocean fishing operations under the control of government central planning. Only allow favoured corporations to conduct ocean fishing operations (and make this decision based entirely on which corporations give the most campaign contributions to corrupt lawmakers).
Goal 15) Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss
Translation: Roll out Agenda 21 and force humans off the land and into controlled cities. Criminalize private land ownership, including ranches and agricultural tracts. Tightly control all agriculture through a corporate-corrupted government bureaucracy whose policies are determined almost entirely by Monsanto while being rubber-stamped by the USDA. Ban woodstoves, rainwater collection and home gardening in order to criminalize self-reliance and force total dependence on government.
Goal 16) Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels
Translation: Grant legal immunity to illegal aliens and “protected” minority groups, which will be free to engage in any illegal activity — including openly calling for the mass murder of police officers — because they are the new protected class in society. “Inclusive institutions” means granting favourable tax structures and government grants to corporations that hire LGBT workers or whatever groups are currently in favour with the central planners in government. Use the IRS and other federal agencies to selectively punish unfavourable groups with punitive audits and regulatory harassment, all while ignoring the criminal
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activities of favoured corporations that are friends of the political elite.
Goal 17) Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development
Translation: Enact global trade mandates that override national laws while granting unrestricted imperialism powers to companies like Monsanto, Dow Chemical, RJ Reynolds, Coca-Cola and Merck. Pass global trade pacts that bypass a nation’s lawmakers and override intellectual property laws to make sure the world’s most powerful corporations maintain total monopolies over drugs, seeds, chemicals and technology. Nullify national laws and demand total global obedience to trade agreements authored by powerful corporations and rubber-stamped by the UN.
No body with even just partial intelligence can deny the changes taking place in their country and neighbourhood is not in relation to both Agenda 2030 and Agenda 21. Politicians have clearly colluded with certain groups operating in the shadows to covertly change their home nations by stealth by implementing changes one fraction at a time. Agenda 21 and 2030 are both relevant to our investigation because they are further evidence that there is an official collusion of governments and their agencies worldwide and the same are being used to implement draconian controls on the water supply in India by the use of dams.
Summary
 Cities are over populated while rural number continue to plummet
 Indian PM has previously voiced his preference to push rural populations to towns and cities
 Punjab’s growth in population is only due to migration into the state
 Agenda 21 is an international collaboration which is destroying the standard of lives worldwide
 Agenda 2030 is a treaty from hell
 Both Agenda 21 and 2030 provides evidence of a greater
international governmental collaboration without its populations understanding and knowledge
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Chapter 11; The British Empire legacy
Rohan D’Souza, in his well-researched book Drowned and Dammed138, argues how British colonialism in India created the practice of flood control as a political project.
He states that;
“ ..the many colonial attempts to dominate the region’s rivers were inextricably entwined with imperative for disciplining the local populace and forging specific economic and social relations. In the course of over a century of torturers hydraulic interventions, British colonialism brought about a massive an unprecedented ecological rupture in the delta. Put differently, through the rubric of flood control, the Orissa Delta was transformed from being a flood dependent agrarian regime into a flood-vulnerable landscape.
In reference to the flooding of the Orissa Delta (eastern India) in August 1982139 and Durga Charan Mohanty (a spiritualist and communist), D’Souza writes the following;
“Nevertheless, Mohanty insistently declared, in his Communist Party of India pamphlet, that the solution to the problem lay in taming nature and urged the government to complete in haste a slew of flood control schemes: namely the Bhimkund, Indrabati, Upper Kolab and the Manibhadra projects. His suggestions calling for the permanent containment of flooding Rivers with renewed an administrative vigour, however, flowed along a well- furrowed precedence, chiefly assembled in the early decades of the nineteenth century”.
If true, then Mohanty seems to be clearly using the same strategy of implanting ideas of bringing in government regulation in response to
138 Drowned And Dammed. Colonial Capitalism and Flood Control in Eastern India. Rohan D’Souza. 2006. Oxford University Press.
139 http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/orissa-turns-into-a-land-of- sorrow-as-flood-engulfs-10-million-people/1/392113.html
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a crisis which the media is doing in relation to the water issue in Punjab today.
D’Souza, speaking in general about the British involvement states the following;
“This unprecedented ecological rupture, brought about by colonial capitalism, was not merely a result of administrative inadvertence or a consequence of misunderstandings about the delta’s unique hydraulic behaviour, but essentially was integral to sustaining specific social and political relations. The quest to control water and dominate Rivers in British India, therefore, is not simply a narrative about engineering triumph or failure, but must instead be disclosed or revealed for the many distinct calculations of colonial capitalism and the specific imperative that drove empire.”
In reference to the report entitled Dying Wisdom published in 1997 and created by The Centre for Science and Environment which D’Souza holds as the most exhaustive survey on pre-British water- harvesting systems in India, states the following;
“Colonialism, in other words, by instituting private property, commodifying land, pursuing highly extractive revenue agendas, and dismantling community control over natural resources cause the impoverishment of the rural populace at large and led to the decay and destruction of several indigenous water-harvesting systems.”
And;
“…the argument that a large number of traditional water- harvesting systems declined or were marginalised in both relative and absolute terms still holds. Colonial water technologies such as weirs, dams, and barrages, orientated towards delivering perennial irrigation for settled agriculture, in most instances, proved unable to not only coexist with traditional systems but were sharply aimed at eliminating the latter as well.”
In discussing the Hirakud Dam, D’Souza states the following;
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“The Hirakud Dam was made operational in 1958 and since then lies lumbering across the Mahanadi’s throat, near Samblapur. As intended, it entombs within its reservoir much of the flood season’s flows that hurtle downwards from the catchment. A number of shutters, gates, and spillways now regulate, apportion, distribute and manage what could have otherwise been uncontrolled and wildly cascading jets of water.”
And
“Putting the river on tap, however, has also meant that changed nature of flooding in the delta. According to some estimates, the frequency of high floods in the Mahanadi Basin have risen, from once in 3.48 to 3.3 years, while the relatively more gentle low floods have fallen to one was in 3.35 from the pre-dam period of 3.1 years. In other words, the delta is no witness to a reduced frequency of shallow inundations with an increase instead in the number of more violent upsurges or high floods, such as the devastations of 1982.”
In his conclusion, D’Souza sums up the changes imposed on East India as follows;
“To recapitulate, once again, colonial capitalism, in order to institute and affirm itself as a specific social form, deployed a set of hydraulic interventions that transformed the Orissa Delta from being a flood dependent agrarian regime in a flood vulnerable landscape. “
Though D’Souza is mostly referring to the changes in the Orissa Delta in East India, we can take from his statements what the strategies and mind-set British Empire was likely to be;
D’Souza provides the following historical account;
“This trying decision was resolved by the late 1850s and the early 1860s, when the colonial administration adopted Arthur Cotton’s plan to run a canal system through the very fluvial heart of the delta. The Orissa Canal Scheme of 1863, however, was not merely a simple quantative
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continuation of the previous embankment policy. Rather, the canal was constructed and carried out to secure the delta from inundation through the commodification of its river systems. Canal irrigation, as a combined set of technical, bureaucratic, and legal apparatuses, was thus intended to bound the river on the capitalist commodity, with its waters an flow regime now meant to be regulated by a market imperative rather than allowed to function as geomorphologic process. “
And the following on the motives behind the disastrous British Legacy;
“Consequently one can explain the emergence of flood- control embankments, private canal irrigation, and finally MPRVD in the Orissa Delta as part of a singular linear momentum that caused dramatic ecological change. Put another way, the introduction of capitalist private property, commodification, on the production of nature comprised the defining armature of colonial capitalism for establishing its agendas for exploitation, domination, on control and by implication generating and enforcing a distinct ecological signature on the delta’s hydrology.”
And those of you who are amongst the supporters of the many crimes of the British Empire and may be thinking that the British legacy is overall one to be admired then we are reminded by D’Souza of where the State of Punjab was in terms of success before the arrival of the British Empire;
“India’s pre-colonial polity was hardly a subsistence one, dominated by closely knit communities who managed the source of prudence. In fact, prior to the emergence of colonial rule in the region, the economic and social landscape, as several studies have indicated, was studded by innumerable commercial emporias, vibrant trading centres, manufacturing towns, complex commodity- producing networks, credit markets and the subcontinent was endowed with fairly elaborate technical capacity as well.”
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It is worth noting at this point that India was the fourth leading economy in the world when the British East India arrived and by the time they left, India was a third-world ravaged nation on the brink of collapse and torn apart by the disastrous colonial rule and exit. Referring to the logic behind the water management implemented by the British, D’Souza also states the following;
“In effect, British rule recast the seasonal inundations as calamitous event and sought to consolidate the delta as a flood-vulnerable landscape. Thus, the methods, logics, techniques, protocols, procedures, measurements, and rules for instituting flood-control, despite innumerable variations and contingencies, were aimed principally at enabling colonial appropriation.”
D’Souza in his conclusion touches upon the theme of global syncriticity by describing the actions of the British colonialists when he states the following;
The colonial ecological watershed, however, was not merely marked by distinct forms of property, social relations, on the regimes of exploitation but possessed a dynamism that was part of the broader uncurling of global capitalist expansion and it’s a regime for accumulation. Captain dynamism, in a colonial context, has both general and specific features. General because capitalism, in the broadest sense, refers to generalise commodity production in which labour power is a commodity. As a mode of production, capitalism is the categorised by the division of society in two antagonistic classes: a class of direct producers who have been dispossessed of the means of production and a class that has monopolised control over the means of production.
I have quoted the above paragraph because I believe this same strategy is being used today in regards to the commodification of water in India and around the world. D’Souza describes the end result of water control by the British as follows and which also perfectly describes the current situation in Punjab as we have discussed in previous chapters;
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“In the instance of the Orissa Delta, the transformation of the delta from a flood dependent agrarian regime to that of a flood vulnerable landscape”
In his paper The Punjab Under Colonialism140 ; Ian Talbot argues the following effect of the British on the following points; ownership / transfer of land, agrarian development / social engineering and customary law that formed the cornerstone of the British policy of political control.
Talbot states;
“When Punjab was annexed in 1849, the British had already created to well-established systems of political governance, finance by its efficient land revenue administration. Experience in Madras and Bengal afforded the British insight and expertise to gauge Punjab’s potential as the model agricultural province from 1860s onwards”.
And
And
And
140 The Punjab Under Colonialism: Order And Transformation In British India. 2007. Ian A Talbot. University of Southampton.
“When the British annexed the Sikh Kingdom of the Punjab in 1849, they’re already ruled most of the subcontinent. From the mid-18th century onwards, the East India Company had transformed itself from my trading monopoly to a territorial ruler”.
“Yet within a few years, the Punjab was regarded as India’s of model agricultural province. Service in the Punjab Commission of the Indian civil service was so attractive that special rules had to be introduced to prevent it creaming off their ablest administrations.”
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“Punjab’s loyalty during the 1857 revolt had strengthened its strategic importance in British eyes. The civilian population of the newly annexed region was not merely quiescent, but provided irregular military support to the beleaguered British.”
We can take from the above four quotes from Talbot that the British had not only a special interest in Punjab for monetary reasons but further reasons to sustain ‘and’ increase their income from this agricultural region. This is further illustrated by Talbot when he points the following key information;
“The closing decades of the 19th century saw the colonial strategic imperatives of rural stability and order in Punjab threatened by the transformation arising from the commercialisation of the region’s agriculture. From 1860s onwards, agricultural prices and land values soared in Punjab. This stemmed from the ending of the political insecurity and vastly improved communications and canals. New cash crops such as wheat, tobacco, sugar cane and cotton were introduced. By the 1920s, Punjab produced the tenth of British India’s total cotton crop and a third of its wheat, which had previously rotted to whenever a bumper crop had occurred, was exported in vast quantities via the new railway network. Whistle other regions such as Ben gal, Bihar, Orissa were experiencing in growing agricultural crisis, the Punjab had emerged as the pacesetter of Indian agricultural development. Per capita output of all its crops increased by nearly 45 per cent between 1891 and 1921.”
In reference to discussions in previous chapters about wheat and other similar crops being water thirsty crops as per the NASA report, we can now add further to that discussion that wheat is in fact not a natural crop for the region and is more suitable to regions with different levels of access to water, and was introduced by the British with only profit in mind.
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In the study by Ian Stone called Canal Irrigation In British India141 he writes the following;
“Described recently by one economic historian as among the greatest monuments to British rule, the harnessing of the waters of India’s great Rivers for irrigation purposes would appear one of the most positive ways in which the colonial regime contributed to Indian welfare.”
And
“Despite the scale of this effort one acre in six was irrigated from government schemes by the late 1930s”
The first paragraph refers to the justification the British were seeking for the shame and humility they faced worldwide for the on-going rape and pillage of the Indian sub-continent while the second paragraph outlines the enormous effect the British were having with their irrigational planning.
The most critical recording by a British person of the British Colonial interference of rivers in northern India is by Elizabeth Whitcombe in her book entitled Agrarian conditions in Northern India (1972). Stone in reference to Whitcombe states the following;
“…the conclusion its author, Dr E. Whitcombe, comes to is that the disadvantages [of colonial irrigation] actually outweighed the advantages that constitute the starting point for this present study…”
And
“The basis for Dr Whitcombe’s conclusion is that quite bewildering array of adverse effects which she had associates with the introduction of the canals. It is argued that, due to the way irrigation was applied in the Doab, the policies over its use and the responses of the peasant cultivators themselves, the canals cause pronounced
141 Canal Irrigation In British India by Ian stone,1984. Sunderland Polytechnic.
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environmental and economic disruption. The very act of turning large quantities of water over an almost slopeless planes of landscape with a comparatively highly water table inevitably lead to waterlogging problems in low-lying land, and the problem was made worse by the widespread tendency for water channels to obstruct the existing and natural drainage lines. Conditions of saturation or conductive to the spread of reh (saline deposits) over the land’s surface as capillary attraction brought salt-laden moisture or from the subsoil; they contributed also to the former frequent incidence of malaria and produce an unhealthy humidity. The rise in the water table made common earthen wells unstable, and as they fell in the cultivators were forced to rely on the canals uncertain supply.”
We can take from the above paragraph that minus any commercial benefit from the colonial irrigation works and the disturbance of nature had left those regions affected by the canals rather vulnerable. We have also in previous chapters discussed the recent data provided by the authorities in India showing how the saline deposits are still having adverse effects on the soil. Stone analyses Whitcombes research further still and states;
“Elisabeth Whitcombe assesses its affects upon the peasant community from a position which, very reasonably, regards with suspicion of any disruption to what she sees as a viable and well-established social, economic, and technological balance by the incompetent meddling of the British with a peasant system and an ecology neither of which they understood. She accepts the possibility of increase production, but considers that this took place only in context where a depressed peasantry laboured in a distorted environment.”
Dr. Elizabeth Whitcombe in her book argues the Punjabi farmers attempted to work with the canal because of one of two reasons; either because the farmer had no choice because the wells fell in due to the ecological change impacted by the canals or because the farmer considered the canal as a short-term and less stressful monetary gain. It is important for this investigation to understand that
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not only does Whitcombe’s research outline a existing and working system already operating in Punjab, but the introduction of the colonial canal system wreaked havoc on that system.
Stone in his analyses states the following about the effects of this introduction of foreign crops;
“The production of staple foods, particularly the course kharif staples, was downgraded in favour of commercial crops, the situation particularly urgent in drought years, when-as a consequence and against all expectations-the canal could do little to decrease the ravages of scarcity. As well, that ease of canal irrigation compared with lifting water from wells gave encouragement to over cropping and a concomitant loss of soil fertility.”
So it would seem that the negativities of the growing of the commercial crops were very much evident from the offset yet the British colonials did not consider anything other than profit. Stone’s summaries his research when discussing the canal as follows;
“Those familiar with the practical effects of large-scale canal schemes and with irrigation bureaucracies will probably find this unfortunate catalogue effects perfectly plausible.”
And
Stone’s points out how the canal irrigation was anything but neutral in its effects and its sole purpose was to work towards the interests of its masters which was the spreading of commercial crops. He states that;
“The authorities, after all, determined the nature of the water supply and the terms on which it was made available, and the levers of control and manipulation were potentially influential in affecting crops and irrigation patterns and practices.”
“Further, although contemporaries were all well aware of the unfortunate side-effects of canals, this did not diminish in their continued advocacy of canal construction an expansion. “
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This still seems to be the case today with the Indian Government and their control of the Indian rivers via their dams and water control systems.
Patrick McGinn in 2009 wrote a report called The Capital, Development and Canal Irrigation in Colonial India142 in which he states the following to further illustrate how the irrigation had no consideration to the ecology of India and was for the purposes of profit only;
“At the needs and priorities of this elite determined imperial decision-making which resulted in India becoming a target for long-term Capital Investment…
And
And
Speaking in regards to the requirement and demand for the canals in the first place, McGinn writes;
“The Sone Canal in Bihar had been constructed in 1879. Here to there was little demand for canal water. “
And
142 The capital, development and canal irrigation in colonial India. Patrick McGinn. 2009. Institute for social and economic change.
“Canals and railways were not built to modernise India’s economy. Development was merely rhetoric to legitimise actions taken purely in the interests of capital.”
“The search for revenue and the provision of markets for capital was behind the annexation of The Sikh kingdom of Punjab in 1849.”
“Building canals in areas already adequately irrigated and bypassing arid zones was fairly typical of British irrigation policy. The Bari Doab Canal in Punjab was built in already
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fertile land. In the UP Doab the British did not turn desert like terrain into fertile land through canal irrigation. The area was already widely cultivated and had good irrigation from the wealth and tanks. Dry zones in need of irrigation were left untouched whilst productive land already irrigated by wells became the target of canal development. Administrators were often perplexed about the new government’s irrigation policy. “
In regards to private companies running the water ways of India and as we have discussed in previous chapters, McGinn makes the following important statement;
“With an annual expenditure of£1-2m from 1867 at all irrigation works were taken out of the hands of private companies and into the hands of the government public works department. The aims of state control was clear and there was little doubt, according to Strachey, of Irrigation Works properly designed, executed, and managed, proving highly remunerative as an investment of capital. The move to state construction was not undertaken due to fears of private companies. Financial difficulties in the post-rebellion years had temporarily cause a departure from what had always been a government undertaking.”
This statement proves that the use of private of companies is of strategic importance and that incorporated bodies can be used to either overrule the local government or in case of the East India Company to benefit external private and/or foreign governmental interest.
McGinn highlight other important information including the water rates charged by the British upon the use of the canal water which of course was all added to the profits of the foreign standing dictator of India. He states;
“Irrigation cesses were introduced so that all lands irrigable by the canal water would pay the water charge, whether they used it to not. Finally, when canal irrigation could not be justified on any grounds the government claimed they were essential as a famine preventive measure. Farming
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prevention became the main reason for canal building in government rhetoric.”
Speaking about the Indian Famine Commission, a governmental body set up much like the governmental appointed private company which operates the Bhakra Dam today, McGinn points out that the appointment of the former canal engineer and first Inspector-General of Irrigation in India, Richard Strachey, as president of the Indian Famine Commission was instructed to protect the colonial profits from agriculture and not prevent famine. He states;
“If the Famine Commission’s priorities were revealed in its determination to promote export and water-demanding crops over staple food grains consumed by the fall.”
And
And
The most interesting of McGinn’s statements which outlines the sheer destructive nature and purpose behind which the canals were imposed in north India is this;
“The staple food of the majority of the population in Northern India came from the Kharif millets such as jowar and bajra and the coarse rabi grams. None of these required or even benefited from the extensive irrigation that canals provided. Those crops that did were commercial ones… “
“The government claimed that canals would help unirrigated areas by increasing the yield of food crops and therefore prevent scarcity. But areas directly irrigated by canal waters were not immune from famine.”
“The only did canal feel to prevent famine there is considerable evidence to suggest that there may have made things worse for the social groups most susceptible to food scarcity.”
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In the thesis paper called Colonising The Rivers by Praveen Singh143 who describes the term of ‘colonising the rivers as follows;
“…to curtail the freedom, and distribute the ideal natural conditions of the Rivers. This was done by constructing permanent concrete weirs (a low dam built across the river to control or direct the flow of water) across the Rivers and diverting a portion of the water supply into artificially created waterways called canals or, by confining their flow within certain limits with the help of embankments. This kind of intervention affected both the agro-ecological setting as well as a large section of the population dependent on agriculture.”
And
She also throws light on the financial burdens imposed by the British when she states;
“Moreover, the irregular an insufficient supply of water was made available to the cultivator at double the cost; the cultivator had to pay government it fixed acreage water-rate- and pay the canal official he’s illegal but by no means irregular charges.”
It is clear when we consider the above mentioned works by different researchers that the current water issue in Punjab (and North India in general) is without a doubt, a product of India’s darkest history – The British Dictatorship. Such was the fleecing of India in their hands that to this day, the country has not only not recovered but is continuously suffering from the ill effects. It further seems that the situation in regards to the water in Punjab, is about to become worse and the current Indian Government has failed or refusing to change the course on which was set over a hundred years ago.
143 The Rivers : Colonial Technology, Irrigation And Flood Control In North Bihar, 1850-1950 by Praveen Singh, 2014, Jawaharlal Nehru University
“…canal irrigation, due to its enormity, was beyond the control of the agrarian community in direct contrast to the indigenous system of irrigation that was practiced in North Bihar.”
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Chapter 12: Back to the colonial water rates
The Indian Rivers Inter-link is a project aimed to link Indian rivers by a network of reservoirs and canals in a supposed attempt to reduce floods in some parts and water shortages in other parts of India. In an attempt which mirrors the displayed good intentions of the British Raj, the Indian government seems to be on the same dictatorial and calamitous path as their former (perhaps still current in some respects) British Masters.
The Inter-link project has three components which are as follows and is managed by India’s National Water Development Agency (NWDA);
 Northern Himalayan Rivers
 Southern Peninsular
 Intrastate rivers linking component
NWDA has prepared reports on 14 inter-link projects for Himalayan component, 16 inter-link projects for peninsular component and 37 intrastate river linking projects.
D’Souza in his conclusion stated the following about the project;
“As I write these last lines, a gargantuan scheme to manually replumb India’s entire hydraulic endowment is being dreamed up. Termed with great engineering hubris as the Interlinking Rivers Project (ILR), the plan advocates for thirty-seven rivers to be connected through thirty links and thirty-six major dams. The claim is that the ILR will generate30,000 Mega Watts of cheap hydropower, supplying drinking water to 101 districts and five metros, and irrigate 34 million hectares. Rhetorically, in much official explanations, the ILR is based on the simple claim that water needs can be met by transferring the surplus flood waters of the Ganges-Brahmaputra basin to the central and peninsula by river systems. In the course of this manual replumbing of the Indian subcontinent hydrology, the project, it is prophesised, could eternally banish drought and end all floods.”
One thing I have learned from my many years of researching politics is that hidden political motives are nearly always implemented in the guise of helping the unprivileged masses. The British continued and extended their ludicrous canal and irrigation project under the
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disguise of attempting to eradicate famine in India however in reality they increased the very problem. Even recently, the US, UK and EU under the guise of wanting to help civilians in the middle east against dictators which they themselves had previously supported have destroyed nations and armed, funded and supported terrorists at the same time. And in continuation of the British Policy, it would seem, the current Indian Government are enchasing political objectives under the sham objective of preventative flood action. An objective which has been proven to previously end with disastrous consequences.
Furthermore, linking rivers and canals to prevent flooded is unnatural and a clear attempt to take an important resource from one community to benefit another without compensating the original benefactor. It will of course be a perfect set-up for the Indian Government and those who control it to charge the people and businesses for the water supply, a policy which was originally created and implemented by the British.
In the article entitled Be Very Afraid, Why India’s $168 billion river- linking project is a disaster-in-waiting144 Manu Balachandran writes;
“This is a part of the Narendra Modi government’s plan to revive the river-linking project, which was first envisioned in 1982, and actively taken up by the Bharatiya Janata Party government under prime minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee in 2002.”
“Ecologists and environmentalists warn that the project is imprudent and dangerous, especially since there is little clarity on the ultimate impact on such a massive undertaking.”
And
““And when you build a canal to flow the water that is diverted, you are displacing far too many human lives and the eco-system.”
144 https://qz.com/504127/why-indias-168-billion-river-linking- project-is-a-disaster-in-waiting/
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And to echo the concerns of the British Colonials disastrous attempts, the following quotes are given by leading specialists about the project.
“There is no scientific basis for this” – Himanshu Thakkar, Coordinator, South Asia Network on Dams, Rivers and People
“Horrifying and ill-planned.” – Medha Patkar, National Convener, National Alliance of People’s Movement
“River-linking is a social evil, economic evil” – V. Rajamani, Professor Emeritus, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi
“These projects are not viable.” – Sushmita Sengupta, Deputy Programme Manager, Centre for Science and Environment
These quotes would very well be taken before the earlier research and analysis of the likes of Whitcombe, who travelled to India to provide a honest critical opinion of the effects of the irrigation projects of the British Raj. Scarily, my research into the matter does provide evidence of an even bigger draconian environment being created and which will no doubt rip the heart out many Indian communities who by the time of realising the effects of the project shall be too late to do anything about it.
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Chapter 13; Putting it all together
In Chapter 1 we listed the following points to investigate as highlighted by NASA in their report.
 To what extent is agriculture to blame for any vanishing water levels?
 How have aquifers been replenished in the past?
 Is water being used faster than the aquifers can be
replenished by natural processes?
 Is there severe shortages of potable water and why?
 Is there a staggering population growth and why?
 Are groundwater levels declining by an average of one
meter every three years?
 Check to confirm there are no unusual trends in rainfall.
 Are there any abnormalities showing up in the natural
environment?
 What other factors have not been considered by the NASA
report?
Let us now review each of these points in accordance to the findings of the investigation in this book.
To what extent is agriculture to blame for any vanishing water levels?
By using measurements from a US based organisation to calculate the water absorption rate of wheat (Punjab’s most populous crop), we were able to determine that two annual crops of wheat over a period of 300 days would absorb 950cm of water. We also compared the water absorption rate of wheat to the annual rate of rain fall in Punjab and concluded that if the average rain fall from the sourced information was true then indeed there may be some merit to the NASA report that water absorption by the wheat crop was more than the amount of rain fall.
However, the difference between the water consumption of wheat in relation to the rainfall was so very vast and the likelihood of rain fall being the only source of replenishment of the aquifers was unlikely and if indeed rain fall was the only source of replenishment then the water reserves should have already been diminished and if they had not already then where did the current vast quantity of current water reserve come from?
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How have aquifers been replenished in the past?
The investigation next moved onto the possibility of key factors being omitted or ignored by the NASA report which may have historically had immense impact on the replenishment of water reserves in Punjab. We found that Punjab and many other parts of India are actually flood plains with a history of flooding from the expansion of rivers which flow through the state. In fact, such is the immense presence of the rivers that the current and previous name of Punjab had been incorporated to relay the presence of the rivers.
We found that there was a strong history of flooding in Punjab and that the war for Kashmir was a war for the control of the rivers which flow to either India or Pakistan. The investigation also noted that dams had been built in strategic locations along the river which of course prohibit the natural flow of the rivers and furthermore, the Indian and Punjab Governments have stringent protocols in place to not only prevent flooding (the natural seasonal process of the rivers), but also to prevent water logging which is a minor form of flooding.
We investigated that large quantities of water from rivers was also being directed away from Punjab and not only is this process resulting in a ridiculously large quantities of water being lost and wasted, but it is going to the driest state of India, Rajasthan.
Is water being used faster than the aquifers can be replenished by natural processes?
Water may be being used faster than it is being replenished but the reason for that is not ‘just’ be the redirection of water flow via dam and canals. In addition to these canals and irrigation works being controlled by the Indian Government, we covered how multinational corporations were extracting water on a grand industrial scale under the very noses of the local population and destroying natural environments and agriculture as a consequence.
Is there severe shortages of potable water and why?
We discussed the dangers and environmental issues of highly dangerous chemicals being sprayed onto crops sold to the farmers in Punjab by companies such as Monsanto. These chemicals once sprayed are finding their way into the underground water reserves and destroying the content of the remaining water. That remaining water once contaminated is further contaminating the soil once it is
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pumped back out onto the crops. It is also not suitable to drink by human life and as a consequence the natural reserves for drinkable water are all but gone.
Is there a staggering population growth and why?
The Indian population rate is very healthy, however, the concept of overpopulation is exaggerated by the over crowdedness in towns and cities. This investigation found that any population growth in Punjab can be offset by the mass exodus of the traditional Punjabi families to more developed countries. If the population is growing at a “staggering” rate, as the NASA Report claims, then the growth is only in the towns and cities as the population density in Punjab is one of the lowest in the world when considering only their agricultural area which accounts to the majority of the people living there..
Are groundwater levels declining by an average of one meter every three years?
Our investigation found the figure to be more drastic which supports our additional findings and considerations, the NASA report omitted a large number of consideration from their publication.
Check to confirm there are no unusual trends in rainfall.
There was no evidence of any unusual patterns of weather or rainfall.
Are there any abnormalities showing up in the natural environment?
Yes. Water analysis has confirmed that contamination of the water is extensive and likely to be due to the herbicides and pesticides used by the farmers and encouraged to do so by the Indian Government.
Any fresh water from the neighbouring mountainous regions is being controlled and withheld by the system of dams and canals.
What other factors have not been considered by the NASA report?
The nondisclosure and consideration of how the British introduced commercial cash crops to India which NASA are blaming for the reduction of ground water reserves. NASA also omitted from its
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report the ecological changes implemented in North India by the unnatural irrigation works of the British for profiting and the continued use of these works and expansion by India’s current government is now allowing a water metre style demand and supply system to be created.
The NASA report, rather ignorantly, also did not consider the impact of water being directed to the desert region of Rajasthan, which otherwise, the same water would be destined for Punjab and North India. The continued policy of making North India into a flood vulnerable region from a flood dependent region seems to the biggest culprit of any reduction of the water reserves in the region.
What we are currently seeing taking place in India is the Indian Authorities slowly, calculably and deceptively ensuring the previously amassed natural ground water reserves become depleted by it being used by not just the people of Punjab, but by foreign corporations for their profiteering gains. Furthermore, by preventing natural flooding, rivers flowing their natural course and not preventing dangerous chemicals being ignorantly sprayed onto land, The Indian authorities are creating a scarcity while stealthily setting up a new industry in water supply.
Before the Indian Government becomes the main supplier of life’s most precious element (along with sun light), they must first ensure there is no available alternative to their water supply. It is my view that what we are seeing is a calculated strategy by the Indian Government which was started by the British Raj but will end with every man, woman and child in India paying the Indian Government or any controlling power, large amounts of money to have clean and useable water supply. This process of commodification is not just being implemented in India alone, we are seeing the same policies being implemented in key economies around the world in hidden and cloaked agreements and the end goal is to commoditise all water.
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Chapter 14; Final Thought
How can communities, individuals and families overcome the problem of lack of water independence in their home country? The most basic way to ensure you have enough clean drinking water is to collect rainwater before it hits the ground. Once rainwater hits the ground, it is subjected to all types of bacterial interactions and should be boiled or filtered before consuming. Most gardening suppliers sell large water collection barrels which can be easily set up and are especially useful in countries with similar climate to England.
If rainwater collection is not an option (as some states in the US have banned people from collecting rain water as reported by Accuweather.com145 (or even growing food in their own garden as reported by Earthisland.org146)) then maybe a traditional water well located on your land will provide you with enough water to drink and for all your other requirements. Now before you start rolling around the floor with side splitting laughter at idea of implementing this age old and traditional way of extracting water, you should know that in countries like India and Nepal, where those who do still use this method do not use a bucket and rope to pull water from the well; there are now affordable and easy to install motorised pumps which do the hard work for you and essentially help create a personal water system which is no different to any state or corporation owned system (which you may be currently using). Again, a second filtration system may be required before consumption but this should not be expensive.
Alternatively you could do what some billionaires like George W Bush (former President of the United States) has done and strategically buy land under which lies an enormous underground reservoir containing clean and mineral rich water – maybe he knows something we don’t.
If any of the options above are not an option for you then I would like to introduce you to Atmospheric Water Machines. In short, they are machines for residential or industrial use which create water from the air. Machines created by companies such as Ecoloblue can create
145 http://www.accuweather.com/en/weather-news/is-rainwater-
harvesting-legal-in-your-state-us/61586739 146
http://www.earthisland.org/journal/index.php/elist/eListRead/loca l_laws_ban_front_yard_food_gardens/
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up to 10,000 litres a day with a power consumption of just 0.43 KWh per litre (approximately the same cost as a traditional light bulb). These machines may even be powered through solar panels and with the aid of pre-charged battery packs. If you were to sell this water as drinking water at the rate of 99p per litre, you would make £9900.00 before costs i.e. packaging, machinery etc. You could of course mineralise the water with organic minerals and charge a premium to your customers.
If cost is an issue then buying a house hold dehumidifier from a local store may be an alternative solution. The small amount of water which will be created is small but in an emergency situation it could make the difference between life and death. Alternatively, buying shares of those companies which are in position to benefit the most from any emergencies could be an investment option though readers are encouraged to conduct good research before deciding which companies to buy.
It doesn’t take a genius to understand the impeding dangers of the situation being created by governments around the world and especially in India in regards to water scarcity. This book and the investigation contained within it is a presentation of my research in an attempt to encourage people individually and in groups to understand and consider the situation before it is too late.
The biggest crimes in the world always have been and always shall be committed by governments and those crimes are always backed by legal statutes. The reason why modern governments inflict pain on populations through acts and statutes is because act and statutes are only applicable to corporations and other businesses bodies. It is not common law. So by creating corporations such as those running the dams in India, the corporation is handed the responsibility to apply the will of the government with little or no concern for common law such as a constitution which is the only law applicable to the local population. Individuals accepting Acts and Statues of government as law do so ignorantly and are encouraged to research maritime admiralty law (law of commerce).
Many of the world’s medicines are simply extracts of plants and vegetables however, businesses cannot copyright and patent nature so a chemical version is created to patent and profit from. In the same way, the Indian rivers have been re-created with canals and dams and by doing so the authorities have been able to apply control and ownership. A very crafty and cunning way of undoing God’s work – a technique invented by the British to control the world through
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commercialisation. The Indian government is quite clearly gearing up for a re-introduction of water rates by its use of the ILR project and the British technique of robbing Peter to pay Paul. To ensure a lack of resistance from the people, the Indian authorities will carry out their projection in the disguise of preventative flood measures to hide their real motive.
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Other books by Manny Sinder
– Sports Trading – How I Made 1000% in 4 Months
Betting on Football, Twice!
– Quote to Change Your Life – The Most Complete Collection of Quotes